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Biology Test #3
Biology for educators
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The rate at which you use the calories that you intake | Basal Metabolic Rate |
| A genetic disposition--your genes control this | Metabolism |
| Exercise increases this, males have higher, taller people have higher, smoking increases it, and caffeine increases it | BMR |
| A condition that can cause an abnormally high BMR | Hyperthyroidism |
| Associated with a lower or decreased BMR | Hypothyroidism |
| Provide energy needed to do work; 3 of them | Carbs, lipids, and proteins |
| Any nutrient that cannot be made the body--must get in diet | Essential nutrients |
| Can be made by the body | Non-essential nutrients |
| An organic molecule (containing carbon) needed in small amounts for good health. | Vitamins |
| Important for good vision because it is a part of the photo receptors | Vitamin A |
| Important for healthy epithelial tissue. Ex. Skin | Vitamin A |
| A deficiency can lead to night blindness | Vitamin A |
| A powerful antioxidant~ protects the DNA from being damaged by carcinogens | Vitamin C |
| Important for healthy tissue, including connective tissue | Vitamin C |
| Citrus is a very good source; Helps heal ailments | Vitamin C |
| Is important for strong bones and teeth because it is required for calcium absorption | Vitamin D |
| Unique because it can be made in the skin in the presence of sunlight | Vitamin D |
| Low vitamin D levels can lead to this condition in children | Rickets |
| In adults, low vitamin D can lead to this condition | Osteoporosis |
| Another antioxidant | Vitamin E |
| Needed for proper blood clotting | Vitamin K |
| Made by bacteria found in our digestive tract | Vitamin K |
| A deficiency in this can lead to neural tube defects in the developing child | Folic acid |
| Most common neural tube defect | Spina Bifida |
| Where the vertebral column or backbone fails to enclose the backbone | Spina Bifida |
| Can give you energy because it is needed for the production of red blood cells | Vitamin B12 |
| Low levels can cause anemia | Vitamin B12 |
| only vitamin found only in animal products | Vitamin B12 |
| Inorganic elements needed in small amounts for good health | Minerals |
| Important for healthy bones, teeth, and muscles | Calcium |
| Important for healthy teeth, but also for preventing cavities | Fluoride |
| Needed to make thyroid hormone | Iodine |
| Needed for healthy red blood cells and also important for the cognitive development of children | Iron |
| Considered electrolytes which make them important for nerve and muscle health | Sodium and Potassium |
| A condition where bone breakdown is greater than bone formation which leads to brittle bones | Osteoporosis |
| Means bone | Osteo |
| The bone forming cells of the body | Osteoblast |
| The bone destroying cells of the body | Osteoclast |
| A mature bone cell | Osteocyte |
| Results from osteoclast being more active than osteoblast | Osteoporosis |
| Keeps osteoclast under control so when it is not being produced, the osteoclast become very active | Estrogen |
| Contains the brain and spinal cord | Central Nervous system (CNS) |
| Is made up of nerves that thread throughout the body and allow for communication of the PNS and CNS | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
| Nerves that control skeletal muscle contraction only | Somatic nerves |
| Control all involuntary responses | Autonomic nerves |
| Two types of autonomic nerves | Parasympathetic nerves and Sympathetic nerves |
| Cause opposite effects on organs; most organs receive input from both | Parasympathetic nerves and Sympathetic nerves |
| Control fight or flight response EX. cause increase in heart rate, cause broncho dilation, and decrease digestion | Sympathetic nerves |
| Associated more with controlling resting and digesting functions EX. decrease heart rate, broncho constriction, increase digestion | Parasympathetic nerves |
| Cause urination | Parasympathetic nerves |
| Considered a nerve cell | neuron |
| interact with others or target tissues | Neuron |
| The receiving end of the neuron | Dendrites |
| The tail part, where a nerve impulse is generated and nerve impulses are required to cause release of neurotransmitters from the terminal of the neuron | Axon |
| A fatty covering, covers the axon and is important for fast impulse conduction | Myelin Sheath |
| The end of the neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitters | Axon terminal |
| Chemicals that allow the nerve to communicate to its target | Neurotransmitters |
| Is important for neuron to neuron communication and important for processing memories and brain function | Acetylcholine |
| Individuals with low acetylcholine levels can have this | Alzheimer's |
| A feel good neurotransmitter in the brain | Serotonin |
| Individuals with low serotonin levels can have this | Depression |
| Is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows down brain activity | GABA |
| Some individuals with low GABA levels may have this | Seizures |
| electrolytes that are needed to generate that nerve impulse | Sodium and Potassium |
| Receptors that are found on the tongue that communicate to the brain about different tastes | Taste buds |
| Four types of Taste buds | Salty, bitter, sweet, sour |
| Your sense of smell | Olfaction |
| The white portion of the eye that gives structure | Sclera |
| The protective covering over the eye that is important for light entrance into the eye | Cornea |
| The colored part of the eye that contains muscle that controls the diameter of the pupil | Iris |
| The dark center of the eye that directs light into the eye | Pupil |
| Contains photoreceptors that are important for vision | Retina |
| A crystal like structure that bends light rays so that they come to a focus on the retina | Lens |
| Two types of photoreceptors | Rods and cones |
| Important for color vision | Cones |
| Important for night vision | Rods |
| Important for maintaining balance and equilibrium | Semicircular canals |
| Attaches to the bone and we have voluntary control | Skeletal muscle |
| Involuntary control EX. GI tract, bronchioles, blood vessels | Smooth muscle |
| Only found in the heart and we have involuntary control of the muscle | Cardiac muscle |
| A description of how Actin and Myosin interact to cause muscle contraction | Sliding Filament Theory |
| A thin filament | Actin |
| Considered a thick filament | Myosin |
| What must we have in order for Actin and Myosin to slide together and cause contraction? | Acetylcholine, calcium, and ATP |
| A chemical released from a gland that targets another gland or organ | Hormone |
| Found in the brain and is considered the master gland because of all the hormones it releases | Pituitary gland |
| Targets the thyroid gland and causes the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone | TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) |
| In females, targets the ovaries to cause egg development. In males, targets the testes for sperm development | FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) |
| Targets muscles and bone to cause growth | GH (Growth Hormone) |
| Targets the ovaries to cause ovulation | LH (Luteinizing Hormone) |
| Not enough growth hormone can cause this | Dwarfism |
| Too much growth hormone can cause this | Gigantism |
| Targets the uterus to cause contractions needed for the delivery of the baby | Oxytocin |
| Targets the mammary glands to cause milk production through the breasts | Prolactin (PRL) |
| Releases Thyroid hormone; butterfly shaped gland in neck region | Thyroid gland |
| In children, what is important for growth and development? | Thyroid Hormone |
| Controls metabolic rate and important for metabolism | Thyroid hormone |
| A condition in which you have too much thyroid hormone; one sign is unexplained weight loss; iodine is required | Hyperthyroidism |
| A condition on which there is no enough thyroid hormone; one sign is unexplained weight gain | Hypothyroidism |
| Located on top of the kidneys and thy secrete adrenaline or epinephrine | Adrenal glands |
| secrete sweat to cool the body down | Sweat glands |
| Secrete oil | Oil glands |
| Sperm production and it is continuous | Spermatogenesis |
| The production of a mature egg by a female; this takes place in the ovary and is once a month | Oogenesis |
| The release of a mature egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube | Ovulation |
| The place where sperm production occurs | Testes |
| Protects the testes | Scrotum |
| Where the egg reaches maturity | Ovaries |
| The mature egg is released | The fallopian tube |
| The site of fertilization | The fallopian tube |
| Also referred to as the womb; where we get the placenta being formed and the growth of the baby | Uterus |
| The opening between the uterus and the vagina | Cervix |
| Considered the birth canal | vagina |
| Testosterone | FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) |
| Causes ovulation | LH |
| Pregnancy hormone~only produced after baby attached to uterus | HGG |
| Associated with menopause | Estrogen |
| Losing the ability to reproduce; decrease estrogen priduction | Menopause |
| The science of naming and classifying organisms | Taxonomy |
| The two part naming system that gives the scientific name | Binomial system of nomenclature |
| The first part of the binomial system of nomenclature | Genus |
| The second part of the binomial system of nomenclature | Specific epithet |
| Which name is needed for the species name but cannot stand alone | second part...specific epithet |
| Which part of the binomial system of nomenclature can stand alone? | genus |
| The two-part name; genus name plus specific epithet | Species name |
| The most inclusive grouping of an organism | A kingdom |
| what are the six kingdom's? | Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia |
| In the five kingdom classification bacteria were grouped into one kingdom called what? | Monera |
| List in order the Taxa, most inclusive to least inclusive. | Kingdom, phylum, class, order, Family, Genus, Species |
| _______require a living organism, which we refer to as a ______, in order to survive. | Viruses, Host |
| Some _______ never leave the body | Viruses |
| AIDS is caused by what virus? | HIV |
| Chicken pox is caused by what virus? | Herpes Zoster Virus |
| _______ is a painful condition caused by reactivation of the _______________ | Herpes Zoster Virus |
| Flu (Influenza) is caused by what virus? | Influenza virus |
| Mono is caused by what virus? | Epstein Barr Virus |
| Warts are caused by? | A virus |
Created by:
Taylor Boyleston
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