Question 1

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

1. The Cell is the basis of life
2. Living organisms are composed of cells
3. Cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Which scientist stated that organisms were unicellular and also named the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Leeuwenhock

Question 3

Robert Hooke named_____, "_____."

Accepted Answer

Cells, cells.

Question 4

What did Schleiden's theory state?

Accepted Answer

All PLANTS are made of cells.

Question 5

Schwann's theory stated:

Accepted Answer

All ANIMALS are made of cells.

Question 6

What scientist came up with the theory, "All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division,"?

Accepted Answer

Virchow

Question 7

The difference between a hypothesis and a theory is:

Accepted Answer

A theory has an extensive amount of research and evidence to back up the initial idea, whereas a hypothesis is based off of little evidence. A theory also takes many years to finish.

Question 8

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes do not have any special compartments whereas eukaryotes do.

Question 9

What are the three differences in the organization of the genetic data in P. cells and E. cells?

Accepted Answer

1. E. cells have pairs of chromosomes but P. cells only have one chromosome.
2. P. cells have circular chromosomes and E. cells have linear chromosomes.
3. E. cells have protein wrapped around the DNA, while P. cells only have DNA.

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells can further be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Animal and plant cells.

Question 11

List three differences between animal and plant cells:

Accepted Answer

-Plant cells' outermost layer is the cell wall, while the animal cells' is the cell/plasma membrane
-Plant cells have a large central vacuole and animal cells do not.
-Animal cells have lysosomes whereas plant cells do not.

Question 12

List two similarities between plant and animal cells:

Accepted Answer

-Both are eukaryotic cells and therefore have compartments such as mitochondria, plasma membranes, and nuclei.
-Both have plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and/or amyloplasts)

Question 13

When measuring, what is something you must always do?

Accepted Answer

Estimate the the next place. EX. You can see the tenths place, so you would estimate up to the hundreths place.

Question 14

When carrying a microscope, where should you always grab?

Accepted Answer

The arm and base of the microscope.

Question 15

What units of measurement are common in biology?

Accepted Answer

Milliliters, centimeters, millimeters, grams, and X.

Question 16

What cell part moves protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane in order to exit the cells? ("UPS"/tags protein)

Accepted Answer

Golgi Complex

Question 17

The mitochondria does what?

Accepted Answer

Takes food energy and turns it into usable energy (ATP)!

Question 18

All cells have what parts?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, flagella, and DNA/chromosomes

Question 19

The nucleoid region is only found in what type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 20

Animal cells are the only type of cell that has______&________.

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes and centrioles

Question 21

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the protein before it leaves the cell.

Question 22

In science the independent variable is the variable that:

Accepted Answer

Changes and based on this variable the other variable will change. (The cause)

Question 23

The dependent variable is:

Accepted Answer

Changed depending on the independent variable's changes. (The effect)

Question 24

Wht is the centriole?

Accepted Answer

Found in animal cells and form cilia to help divide cells.

Question 25

Parts of the specimen and characteristics you can observe with a scanning electron microscope?

Accepted Answer

3-dimensional, black and white, very detailed, shape, depth, and surface of cell.

Question 26

Parts of the specimen and characteristics you can observe with a transmission electron microscope:

Accepted Answer

2-dimensional, able to see through image, black and white, detailed, able to see cell parts, flat image.

Question 27

Parts of the specimen and characteristics you can observe with a compound microscope:

Accepted Answer

2-dimensional, able to see inside cell but not its parts, not as detailed, in color.

Question 28

What are the outermost electrons called?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons

Question 29

What happens in an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The "stronger" electron takes the electrons from the "weaker" electron to fill its valence shell.

Question 30

What happens in a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Two atoms equally share electrons while filling each of their valence shells.

Question 31

What does filling an atom's valence shell do?

Accepted Answer

It helps stabilize the atom.

Question 32

What is the most important chemical property of water?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 33

What does the hydrogen bond do?

Accepted Answer

Holds to polar molecules together. (Attraction)

Question 34

What happens in a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

The positive end of one polar molecule (usually hydrogen) attracts the negative end of another polar molecule.

Question 35

What are the six major elements in all living things?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen.

Question 36

50-95% of an organism is_______. Less than 1% is_____.

Accepted Answer

Water; ions

Question 37

Why is carbon the base of biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has four valence electrons, therefore it is able to make four bonds.

Question 38

What type of bonds form the framework of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Caron to carbon bonds

Question 39

________----> shape of molecule ----> ___________

Accepted Answer

Arrangement of atoms; function of that molecule

Question 40

What are the four different types of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids.

Question 41

Sugars, starch, cellulose, and insect exoskeletons are all examples of what?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 42

What are lipids? Give some examples.

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids; oils, fats, phospholipids, and hormones.

Question 43

Hair, silk, proteins in cell membrane, and muscle are all ______.

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 44

Nucleic acid types are:

Accepted Answer

DNA, RNA, and ATP.

Question 45

What is a monomer?

Accepted Answer

A building block molecule.

Question 46

Big molecules built from little molecules are called:

Accepted Answer

Polymers

Question 47

Carbohydrates are built from _________. Proteins are built from ________. Nucleic acids are built from __________.

Accepted Answer

Glucose (sugar); amino acids; nucelotides

Question 48

What happens in dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

An -OH is removed from one monomer, an -H is removed from another monomer, and these combine to make water. Meanwhile the two monomers combine, forming a polymer.

Bio Quarter Exam

Biology Honors

Question	Answer
What are the three parts of the cell theory?	1. The Cell is the basis of life 2. Living organisms are composed of cells 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells
Which scientist stated that organisms were unicellular and also named the nucleus?	Leeuwenhock
Robert Hooke named_____, "_____."	Cells, cells.
What did Schleiden's theory state?	All PLANTS are made of cells.
Schwann's theory stated:	All ANIMALS are made of cells.
What scientist came up with the theory, "All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division,"?	Virchow
The difference between a hypothesis and a theory is:	A theory has an extensive amount of research and evidence to back up the initial idea, whereas a hypothesis is based off of little evidence. A theory also takes many years to finish.
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?	Prokaryotes do not have any special compartments whereas eukaryotes do.
What are the three differences in the organization of the genetic data in P. cells and E. cells?	1. E. cells have pairs of chromosomes but P. cells only have one chromosome. 2. P. cells have circular chromosomes and E. cells have linear chromosomes. 3. E. cells have protein wrapped around the DNA, while P. cells only have DNA.
Eukaryotic cells can further be classified as:	Animal and plant cells.
List three differences between animal and plant cells:	-Plant cells' outermost layer is the cell wall, while the animal cells' is the cell/plasma membrane -Plant cells have a large central vacuole and animal cells do not. -Animal cells have lysosomes whereas plant cells do not.
List two similarities between plant and animal cells:	-Both are eukaryotic cells and therefore have compartments such as mitochondria, plasma membranes, and nuclei. -Both have plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and/or amyloplasts)
When measuring, what is something you must always do?	Estimate the the next place. EX. You can see the tenths place, so you would estimate up to the hundreths place.
When carrying a microscope, where should you always grab?	The arm and base of the microscope.
What units of measurement are common in biology?	Milliliters, centimeters, millimeters, grams, and X.
What cell part moves protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane in order to exit the cells? ("UPS"/tags protein)	Golgi Complex
The mitochondria does what?	Takes food energy and turns it into usable energy (ATP)!
All cells have what parts?	Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, flagella, and DNA/chromosomes
The nucleoid region is only found in what type of cell?	Prokaryotic cell
Animal cells are the only type of cell that has______&________.	Lysosomes and centrioles
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?	It prepares the protein before it leaves the cell.
In science the independent variable is the variable that:	Changes and based on this variable the other variable will change. (The cause)
The dependent variable is:	Changed depending on the independent variable's changes. (The effect)
Wht is the centriole?	Found in animal cells and form cilia to help divide cells.
Parts of the specimen and characteristics you can observe with a scanning electron microscope?	3-dimensional, black and white, very detailed, shape, depth, and surface of cell.
Parts of the specimen and characteristics you can observe with a transmission electron microscope:	2-dimensional, able to see through image, black and white, detailed, able to see cell parts, flat image.
Parts of the specimen and characteristics you can observe with a compound microscope:	2-dimensional, able to see inside cell but not its parts, not as detailed, in color.
What are the outermost electrons called?	Valence electrons
What happens in an ionic bond?	The "stronger" electron takes the electrons from the "weaker" electron to fill its valence shell.
What happens in a covalent bond?	Two atoms equally share electrons while filling each of their valence shells.
What does filling an atom's valence shell do?	It helps stabilize the atom.
What is the most important chemical property of water?	Polarity
What does the hydrogen bond do?	Holds to polar molecules together. (Attraction)
What happens in a hydrogen bond?	The positive end of one polar molecule (usually hydrogen) attracts the negative end of another polar molecule.
What are the six major elements in all living things?	Sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen.
50-95% of an organism is_______. Less than 1% is_____.	Water; ions
Why is carbon the base of biological molecules?	Carbon has four valence electrons, therefore it is able to make four bonds.
What type of bonds form the framework of organic molecules?	Caron to carbon bonds
________----> shape of molecule ----> ___________	Arrangement of atoms; function of that molecule
What are the four different types of macromolecules?	Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids.
Sugars, starch, cellulose, and insect exoskeletons are all examples of what?	Carbohydrates
What are lipids? Give some examples.	Fatty acids; oils, fats, phospholipids, and hormones.
Hair, silk, proteins in cell membrane, and muscle are all ______.	Protein
Nucleic acid types are:	DNA, RNA, and ATP.
What is a monomer?	A building block molecule.
Big molecules built from little molecules are called:	Polymers
Carbohydrates are built from _________. Proteins are built from ________. Nucleic acids are built from __________.	Glucose (sugar); amino acids; nucelotides
What happens in dehydration synthesis?	An -OH is removed from one monomer, an -H is removed from another monomer, and these combine to make water. Meanwhile the two monomers combine, forming a polymer.

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