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AdultMuscskelsystem
Adult Musculoskeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do you grade muscle strength? | 0-5; 0= No detection of muscular contraction, 5 = Active movement against full resistance without evident fatigue (NORMAL STRENGTH). |
| What is Boutonniere Deformity? | Flexion of proximal interphalageals (PIPS) and hyperextension of distal interphalangeals (DIPS) of fingers. (COMMON IN RA and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS). |
| what is a contracture? | Resistance of movement of muscle or joint. Incorrect positioning of immobilized joints. |
| What are some types of Fractures? | (Transverse, spiral, greenstick, comminuted, oblique, pathologic and stress.) |
| What are the three types of intracapsular fractures? | Capital, Subcapital, and transcervical. |
| What are the two types of extracapsular fractures? | Intertrochanteric between the lesser and greater trochanter and Subtrochanteric. |
| What is included in the nurse management for hip surgery? | Alleviate pain, increase mobility, prevent complications, Provide patient teaching: Prescribed activity, Tissue perfusion and incentive spirometer. |
| What is traction? | Purpose =prevent or reduce pain, immobilize, reduce traction or dislocation, treat pathologic joint condition, avoid further damage, help promote AROM or PROM or expand joint space. |
| What happens if the traction is too tight? | The nerves and blood vessels can be impaired. |
| Where is a common site for infection with traction? | Pins/Wires. |
| What is a risk with internal skeletal traction? | Bone inflammation. |
| What can happen when traction weight is too excessive? | Bone separation |
| What is Bucks Traction? | A velcro boot being pulled by a string pulley and weight. |
| What care would you give to a Pt. in traction? | Check Traction type & weights, Rope maintenance, Skin, Alignment, Circulation. |
| What are some soft tissue injuries? | Blows, Twisting, Overuse, Ligament/Tendon tears (common site knee, ankle, shoulder), swelling, joint instability and loss of function. |
| What is the Lachman's test? | Thats a good question! |
| What are some treatments for soft tissue injuries? | RICE (rest, ice, compress, elevate); NSAID's, TENS unit, surgical repair, rest then weight bearing. |
| What are the two types of arthritis and how are they different? | Osteoarthritis (OA) Wear and tear NOT SYSTEMIC; and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Inflammatory autoimmune SYSTEMIC. |
| List some characteristics of Osteoarthritis. | Slow, progressive, noninflammatory, synovial joints (morning stiffness less than 30 minutes.) |
| What is the main risk factor of Osteoarthritis? | Age |
| What is Osteoarthritis? | Cartilage damage that triggers a metabolic response at the level of the chondrocytes. |
| What are two deformities from OA? | Heberden's nodes occur on the DIPS; Bouchard's nodes occur on the PIPS. |
| What are the nursing cares for OA? | Manage Pain and inflammation, prevent disability, tylenol, rest and joint protection, heat and ice. |
| What is Ankyosing Spondylitis? | Long-term disease that involves inflammation of the joints between the spinal bones, and the joints between the spine and pelvis. |
| What is Gout? | Urate crystals occur in the articular, periarticular, and subcutaneous tissues. |
| What anatomical site is effected the most with Gout? | The great toe. |
| What are tophi? | Sodium urate crystals found in gout (rarely on the first attack). |
| How do we care for Pt's with gout? | joint immobilization, heat/cold, joint aspiration and intraarticular corticosteroids, avoid diets high in PURINES (anchovies, liver, wine/beer). |
| Men are 2 to 3 times more likely than women to have Rheumatoid Arthritis. (T/F) | False Women are 2 to 3 times more likely. |
| What are some manifestations of RA? | Fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and generalized stiffness (may proceed the onset). Mostly small joints, swollen, tender, painful, warm. |
| What are some deformities of RA? | Unar Deviation, Swan Neck, Boutonniere. |
| What is Raynaud's syndrome? | complication of the hands due to vasoconstriction. |
| What are some management techniques? | Splints/braces, surgery, osteotomy, Drugs (NSAID's, Glucocorticoids, DMARD's. |
| What is Compartment Syndrome? | The compression of nerves, blood bessels, and muscle inside a closed space within the body. |
| What can cause compartment syndrome? | Fractures of tibia, humoral shaft, radius/ulna combined; also soft tissue injuries; crush injuries. |
| What are some manifestations of Comp syndrome? | Decreased urinary output; Cold extremity; Poor circulation; Edema; Pain |
| What are the 6 P's of Compartment Syndrome? | Paresthesia; Pain; Pressure; Pallor; Paralysis; Pulselessness. |
| How is Comp syndrome treated? | Early recognition; Effective treatment; Fasciotomy. |
| What is Fibromyalgia? | Chronic disorder, nonarticular musculoskeletal pain and fatigue with multiple tender points. |
| What are some nursing management techniques for Fibromyalgia? | Rehabilitation, nutrition, pain, relaxation techniques. |
| What is muscular dystrophy? | Inherited disorders that involve muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue, which get worse over time. |
| How do you treat Muscular dystrophy? | No known cure. Focus on Symptoms: PT, Braces/Wheelchairs, Corticosteriods. |
| What are the manifestations of Muscular Dystrophy? | Scoliosis; Joint contractures (clubfoot); Hypotonia (decreased muscle tone). |
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