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Maternity Ch5 CCC105
Maternity Chapter 5 CCC PN 105
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| causes of high risk pregnancies | maternal medical condition, environmental hazards, maternal behaviors, pregnancy itself |
| amniocentesis | needle inserted into amniotic cavity to pull sample of amniotic fluid for fetal assessment; only physician gives results |
| nurse responsibilities for anmiocentesis | prepare patient, explain test reason, clarify/interpret results with other providers |
| pregnancy danger signs | sudden gush of fluid from vagina, vaginal bleeding, presistent vomiting, absominal pain, edema of face and hands, severe/persistent headache, blurred vision/dizziness |
| hyperemesis gravidarum | excessive nausea and vomiting can impact fetal growth, lead to dehydration, reduce blood/oxygen/nutrients to fetus |
| hyperemesis gravidarum treatments | correct dehydrations and electrolyte balance; antiemetic drugs may be prescribed; hospitalization |
| types of abortions | spontaneous and induced |
| types of spontaneous abortions | threatened, complete, recurrent |
| types of induced abortions | therapeutic and elective |
| threatened abortion | cramping anc backache with light spotting, cervix is closed, no tissue passed |
| threatened abortion treatment | ultrasound to determine fetal life, bed rest, avoid coitus |
| complete abortion | passage of all products of conception, cervix closes, bleeding stops |
| complete abortion treatment | patient is monitored, emotional support is given, give Rhogam if necessary |
| recurrent abortion | two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions, usually caused by incomptetent cervix or inadequate progesterone levels |
| recurrent abortion treatment, incompetent cervix | cerclage (reinforcement with surgical suture) and monitoring for early signs of labor to prevent uterine rupture |
| therapeutic abortion | intentional termination to preserve health of mother |
| elective abortion | intentional termination for any reason besides health of mother |
| post-abortion teaching | report increased bleeding, take temperature every 8 hours for 3 days |
| ectopic pregnancy | 95% occurs in fallopian tube, tubal deformity or scarring may result; due to hormonal abnormalities, inflammation, infection, adhestions, congential defects, endometriosis |
| ectopic pregnancy fetal survival rate | 0% chance |
| signs of ectopic pregnancy | lower abdominal pain, light bleeding |
| signs of ruptured tube ectopic pregnancy | sudden severe lower abdominal pain; vaignal bleeding, hypovalemic shock, shoulder pain |
| first priority of ectopic rutpure treatment | control bleeding |
| hypovalemic shock | shock due to sudden, severe blood loss |
| signs of hypovalemic shock | fetal heart rate changes, tachycardia, tachypnea, shallow irregular respirations, hypotension, decreased urine output, pale skin/mucous membranes, cole/clammy skin, faintness, thirst |
| bleeding disorders of late pregnancy | placenta previa, abruptio placentae |
| placenta previa | abnormal implantaion of placenta in lower uterus instead of upper |
| signs of placenta previa | bright red bleeding, painless bleeding |
| marginal placenta previa | placenta reaches 2-3cm of cervical opening |
| partial placenta previa | placenta partly covers cervical opening |
| total placenta previa | placenta completely covers cervical opening |
| abruptio placentae | premature separation of placenta that was normally implanted |
| signs of abruptio placentae | dark red bleeding, enlarged uterus, painful bleeding; can be partial, total, or central |
| treatment of placenta previa | attempt to maintain pregnancy until fetal lungs mature (34 wks); delivery of fetus if mother life jeopardized |
| treatment of abruptio placentae | immediate cesarean delivery |
| risk factors for gestational hypertension | first pregnancy, obesity, family history, over 40, under 19, multifetal pregnancy, chronic hypertension, chronic renal disease, diabetes |
| what is one factor that helps distinguish placenta previa from abruptio placentae | pain level |
| preeclampsia | gestational hypertension with proteinuria |
| eclampsia | gestational hypertension with convulstions, progression of preeclampsia |
| cure for preeclampsia/eclampsia | birth |
| problems r/t preeclampsia | abruptio placentae, premature birth, still birth, eclampsia |
| treatment for gestational hypertension | frequent prenatal visits, urinalysis, fetal assessments, possible medications |
| manifestations of gestational hypertension | hypertension, edema, proteinuria |
| what BP is gestational hypertension | increase of over 30/15 than normal |
| Rh incompatibility | only with Rh- mother and Rh+ child |
| Rh incompatibilty treatments | Rhogam at 28 weeks, baby blood tested immediately after birth, if incompatibility exists, mother is given Rhogam again within 72 hrs |
| erythroblastosis fetalis | when maternal anti-Rh antibodies cross placenta and destroy fetal erythrocytes, occurs during 2nd pregnancy if first pregnancy was Rh incompatible |
| gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) | glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy |
| cause of gestational diabetes (GDM) | glucose metabolism affected because placental hormones increase cell resistance to insulin |
| risks of gestational diabetes (GDM) | congenital abnormalities drom maternal hyperglycemia |
| gestational diabetes risk factors (GDM) | maternal obesity, large infant, maternal age, previous stillbirth, history of GDM, family history of GCM |
| what is glucose of GDM | fasting gludcose of 126, postmeal glucose over 200 |
| treatment of GDM | diet, monitor glucose blood levels, ketone monitoring, exercise, fetal assessment |
| fetal affects from GDM | hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, macrosomia |
| affects of sickle cell disease on fetus | preterm birth, growth restriction, fetal demise |
| TORCH infections | Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes |
| genital herpes infection during pregnancy | if infection not active, mother can deliver vaginally; if outbreak, must be cesarean |
| 2 types herpes | 1 - cold sores, fever blisters; 2 - genital |
| HIV during pregnancy | infanct can be infected through placenta, through maternal secretions at birth, through breast milk |
| pregnant women should not change cat litter box because of risk of | toxoplasmosis |
| Group B Strep and pregnancy | leading cause of perinatal infections that have a high neonatal mortality rate |
| Group B Strep test during pregnancy | culture taken during 35-37 wks gestation |
| Group B Strep treatments during pregnancy | penicillin given during labor, infant can die if not treated |
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