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Replication/Recomb

Ch 12 and 13

QuestionAnswer
Leading strand Undergoes continuous replication
Lagging strand Underdoes discontinuous replication
Primers Provide 3'OH group to primase while it synthesizes RNA nucleotide
DNA polymerase I Replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides
Inhibitor protein Binds to origin and separates strands of DNA to initiate replication
DNA helicase Unwinds DNA at replication fork
Single-stranded binding proteins Attach to DNA to prevent secondary structures from forming
DNA gyrase Moves ahead replication fork, breaking and resealing breaks in DNA to release torque caused by unwinding
DNA polymerase III Elongates new nucleotide strand from the 3-OH group provided by primer
DNA ligase Joins Okazaki fragments
Autonomous replicating sequences (ARS) Can enable replication in any DNA sequence to which they are attached.
MCM complex Includes DNA helicase to unwind DNA when replication initiates
Germinin The binding factor (protein) inactivating the MCM, preventing from binding ORI again and re-initiating replication
Polymerase α Initiation of synthesis and repair, has primer activity
Polymerase δ Leading/lagging strand synthesis of DNA, DNA repair
Polymerase ε Leading strand synthesis
Leading strand Undergoes continuous replication
Lagging strand Underdoes discontinuous replication
Primers Provide 3'OH group to primase while it synthesizes RNA nucleotide
DNA polymerase I Replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides
Inhibitor protein Binds to origin and separates strands of DNA to initiate replication
DNA helicase Unwinds DNA at replication fork
Single-stranded binding proteins Attach to DNA to prevent secondary structures from forming
DNA gyrase Moves ahead replication fork, breaking and resealing breaks in DNA to release torque caused by unwinding
DNA polymerase III Elongates new nucleotide strand from the 3-OH group provided by primer
DNA ligase Joins Okazaki fragments
Autonomous replicating sequences (ARS) Can enable replication in any DNA sequence to which they are attached.
MCM complex Includes DNA helicase to unwind DNA when replication initiates
Germinin The binding factor (protein) inactivating the MCM, preventing from binding ORI again and re-initiating replication
Polymerase α Initiation of synthesis and repair, has primer activity
Polymerase δ Leading/lagging strand synthesis of DNA, DNA repair
Polymerase ε Leading strand synthesis
rRNA Structural and functional components of ribosome
mRNA Carries genetic code for proteins
tRNA Helps incorporate amino acids into polypeptide chain
snRNA Processing of pre-mRNA. Located in nucleus
snoRNA Processing and assembly of rRNA. Located in nucleus
siRNA Triggers degradation of other RNA molecules
microRNA Inhibits translation of mRNA
piRNA Function is poorly defined, but thought to regulate gametogenesis
Transcription unit Stretch of DNA that codes for an RNA molecule and the sequences necessary for transcription
Promoter DNA sequence that is recognized and bound by transcription apparatus. Defines template strand and direction of transcription.
Pyrimidines (indicated by Y) T and C
Purines (indicated by R) A and G
Bacterial Elongation RNA polymerase unwinds DNA as it proceeds, and DNA rewinds as the transcription apparatus moves the transcription bubble down the gene.
Bacterial Initiation Formation of transcription bubble, phosphodiester forms between rNTPs
Eukaryotic initiation Promoter recognition accomplished by accessory proteins that recruit the appropriate Polymerase
Regulatory Promoters transcriptional activator proteins bind to DNA motifs and distant “enhancers”
Created by: wsh5491
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