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Biology MD5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Atoms | Building blocks of matter |
| Nucleus | Nuetrons and protons clumped together in the center of an atom |
| Element | A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons |
| Model | Explanation or representation of things that cannot be seen |
| Molecules | Chemicals that result from atoms linking together |
| Physical Change | Change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup |
| Chemcial Change | Change that alters the makeup of the element's molecules |
| Phase | One of three forms (solid, liquid, gas) that every substance is capable of attaining |
| Solution | Result of one substance being dissolved in another |
| Solute | Substance being dissolved |
| Solvent | Substance doing the dissolving |
| Diffusion | Random motion of molecules from an area of hgh concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Concentration | Measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent |
| Semipermeable Membrane | Membrane that allows some molecules but not all to pass through |
| Osmosis | Tendencey of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration |
| Catalyst | Substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaciton but is not used up in thr process |
| Organic Molecule | Molecule that contains oly carbon and any of: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosephorus |
| Biosynthesis | The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones (Photosynthesis) |
| Isomers | Two different molecules with the same chemcial formula |
| Monosaccharides | Simple carbohydrates with 3 to 10 carbon atoms |
| Disacharides | Carbohydrates made of 2 monosaccarides |
| Polysacharides | Carbohydrates made of more than 2 monosaccarides |
| Dehydration reaction | Chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the addition of water |
| Hydrophobic | Lacking any affinity to water |
| Saturated Fat | Lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms |
| Unsaturated Fat | Lipid made from fatty acids that have 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms |
| Peptide Bond | Bond that links amino acids together in a protein |
| Hydrogen Bond | Strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms in specific molecules |
| Ways to Speed up a chemical reaction | Increase temperature and use a catalyst |
| What is the function of clorophyll in photosynthesis? | Catalyst |
| Carbohydrates are made up of only... | ...carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Many molecules have more than 1 of what kind of formula? | Structural |
| What is the reaction of photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| What is table sugar? | A disaccharide called sucrose, formed when glucose and fructose react in a dehydration reaction |
| Enzyme | Special class of proteins that act as catalysts for many of the chemcial reactions that support life |
| Lock and Key Theory of Enzyme Action | 1 key fits 1 lock -- so one enzyme catalyzes one substance |
| Phase of Saturated Fats at room temperature | Solid |
| Phase of Unsaturated Faths at room temperature | Liquid |
| Proteins contain... | Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus or sulphur |
| What are the basic buildings blocks of protein | Amino Acids |
| What is Doxyribonucleic Acid composed of? | A double chain of nucleotides |
| Dioxyribose | Simple sugar with 5 carbons |
| What are nucleotides composed of? | Deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nucleotide base |
| What are the types of nucleotides? | Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine |
| What are the pairings of Nucleotides? | Adenine and Thymine; Cytosine and Guanine (T to A; G to C) |
| How strong is a Hydrogen Bond compared to a Chemcial bond? | 15% |
| How are nucleotides held together? | Through a hydrogen bond |
| What is the simplest protein of life? | Ribonuclease |
| Characteristic of lipids (fats | Hydrophobic--don't mix with water because of structure |
| What is the starch that people and animals make called? | Glycogen |
| Most animals can only use what for energy? | Monosaccharides--must break down poly- and disaccharides through hydrolysis |
Created by:
Safire25509
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