Question 1

What questions can forest sampling address?

Accepted Answer

-species richness and diversity
-endangered and threatened species: status
-invasive species problems
-future prospects for each tree species
-condition of wildlife habitat

Question 2

census

Accepted Answer

ALL trees, or hawks, or elephants

Not usually feasible

Question 3

Sampling

Accepted Answer

Taking a PARTIAL census.

Getting an ESTIMATE of entire population.

Question 4

plot

Accepted Answer

an area of fixed size and shape where measurements are taken during sampling.

shape can be square, circle, anything.

Question 5

transect

Accepted Answer

straight line of plots

Question 6

Systematic plot arrangement

Accepted Answer

regular grid

Question 7

random plot arrangement

Accepted Answer

all point are equally as likely to be included.

not influenced by location of other plots.

use number generator.

Question 8

subjective plot arrangement

Accepted Answer

when an individual decides where to do sampling. NOT RANDOM.

Question 9

steps for sampling

Accepted Answer

1) plan sampling design
2)lay out plot locations in field
3) collect data for each plot
4) check over data sheets
5) enter data
6) analyze data

Question 10

stand attributes

Accepted Answer

characteristics of a forested area.

Question 11

animals per liter/area

Accepted Answer

absolute density/ absolute abundance

Question 12

relative abundance/ relative density

Accepted Answer

proportion of organisms to each other.

Question 13

What to measure in a forest

Accepted Answer

-Density
-relative density
-absolute basal area
-relative basal area
-frequency

Question 14

circular plots

Accepted Answer

pi(radius^2^)

Question 15

Absolute Density

Accepted Answer

number per unit area. 
example: how many trees

Question 16

relative density

Accepted Answer

to compare different species. proportion of ea. species from the total.

Question 17

how many centimeters to make a m^2^?

Accepted Answer

100cm X 100cm

Question 18

basal area

Accepted Answer

(pi x DBH^2)/4

ALWAYS measured in meters^2 per HA!!

note: dominance is measured in basal area.

Question 19

relative basal area

Accepted Answer

proportion of basal area for each species.

MUST ADD UP TO 1.0

Question 20

frequency

Accepted Answer

proportions of plots that have at least 1 individual.

example: if white oak is in 30 of 100 plots.....0.3= 30%

note: low frequency= plant may be rare or clumped in one place.

Question 21

ecosystem ecology's focus

Accepted Answer

-flow of energy
    -energy does not cycle but is lost gradually as it flows through the food web
-flow of matter

Question 22

photosynthesis inputs and outputs

Accepted Answer

inputs- CO2, H2O, Sunlight
outputs- O2, Organic molecules

Question 23

Productivity

Accepted Answer

the total light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs.

Question 24

Gross Primary production

Accepted Answer

the chemical energy from photosynthesis per unit time.

Question 25

net primary production

Accepted Answer

GPP minus energy used by primary consumers for respiration.

(J/m^2 x yr)
(g/m^2 x yr)

Question 26

biochemical cycles

Accepted Answer

patterns of circulation of a chemical substance among living organisms and the abiotic environment.

Question 27

reservoirs

Accepted Answer

storage components of ecosystem

Question 28

fluxes

Accepted Answer

flows b/w reservoirs

Question 29

hubbard brook project

Accepted Answer

vegetation strongly regulates nutrient cycling. 90% stored in soil, 9.5% stored in plants.
W/ logging, nutrients were lost 10x the normal rate.

Question 30

causes for soil erosion problems

Accepted Answer

deforestation, construction, plowing, grazing.

especially steep slopes are vulnerable.

Question 31

effects of human interference with N2

Accepted Answer

-fertilizer runoff
-eutrophication
-blooming phytoplankton
-dead zone, O2 depletion.

in atmosphere... acid rain

Question 32

3 global air pollution problems

Accepted Answer

-climate change b/c of CO2
-Acid Rain forms with nitrogen oxides
-ozone depletion

Prof. Webb

test number 2 2012

Question	Answer
What questions can forest sampling address?	-species richness and diversity -endangered and threatened species: status -invasive species problems -future prospects for each tree species -condition of wildlife habitat
census	ALL trees, or hawks, or elephants Not usually feasible
Sampling	Taking a PARTIAL census. Getting an ESTIMATE of entire population.
plot	an area of fixed size and shape where measurements are taken during sampling. shape can be square, circle, anything.
transect	straight line of plots
Systematic plot arrangement	regular grid
random plot arrangement	all point are equally as likely to be included. not influenced by location of other plots. use number generator.
subjective plot arrangement	when an individual decides where to do sampling. NOT RANDOM.
steps for sampling	1) plan sampling design 2)lay out plot locations in field 3) collect data for each plot 4) check over data sheets 5) enter data 6) analyze data
stand attributes	characteristics of a forested area.
animals per liter/area	absolute density/ absolute abundance
relative abundance/ relative density	proportion of organisms to each other.
What to measure in a forest	-Density -relative density -absolute basal area -relative basal area -frequency
circular plots	pi(radius^2^)
Absolute Density	number per unit area. example: how many trees
relative density	to compare different species. proportion of ea. species from the total.
how many centimeters to make a m^2^?	100cm X 100cm
basal area	(pi x DBH^2)/4 ALWAYS measured in meters^2 per HA!! note: dominance is measured in basal area.
relative basal area	proportion of basal area for each species. MUST ADD UP TO 1.0
frequency	proportions of plots that have at least 1 individual. example: if white oak is in 30 of 100 plots.....0.3= 30% note: low frequency= plant may be rare or clumped in one place.
ecosystem ecology's focus	-flow of energy -energy does not cycle but is lost gradually as it flows through the food web -flow of matter
photosynthesis inputs and outputs	inputs- CO2, H2O, Sunlight outputs- O2, Organic molecules
Productivity	the total light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs.
Gross Primary production	the chemical energy from photosynthesis per unit time.
net primary production	GPP minus energy used by primary consumers for respiration. (J/m^2 x yr) (g/m^2 x yr)
biochemical cycles	patterns of circulation of a chemical substance among living organisms and the abiotic environment.
reservoirs	storage components of ecosystem
fluxes	flows b/w reservoirs
hubbard brook project	vegetation strongly regulates nutrient cycling. 90% stored in soil, 9.5% stored in plants. W/ logging, nutrients were lost 10x the normal rate.
causes for soil erosion problems	deforestation, construction, plowing, grazing. especially steep slopes are vulnerable.
effects of human interference with N2	-fertilizer runoff -eutrophication -blooming phytoplankton -dead zone, O2 depletion. in atmosphere... acid rain
3 global air pollution problems	-climate change b/c of CO2 -Acid Rain forms with nitrogen oxides -ozone depletion

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