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Genetics Vocab
7th Grade Vocab words for Genetics Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Genetics | Study of heredity |
| Genotype | The genetic make-up or pair of alleles (example TT, Tt, tt) |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance of an organism, or what it looks like (example Tall, Short) |
| Heterozygous | Having different alleles, or hybrid (example Tt) |
| Homozygous | Having identical alleles, or purebred (example TT or tt) |
| Zygote | Fertlized egg |
| Gene | A trait or characteristic, and is determined by the paired nucleotides that make up DNA |
| Alleles | The different forms of a gene (may be dominant, recessive, co-dominant, or express incomplete dominance) |
| Dominant Allele | An allele that will always express itself in the phenotype, if present. Will mask a recessive allele |
| Recessive Allele | Must have both copies of alleles to be expressed. Will be masked by a dominant allele if present. |
| Co-Dominance | Alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive, so both Alleles will be expressed |
| DNA | A nucleic acid containing the directions and functions of a cell. Codes for what proteins are assembled |
| Chromatin | The uncoiled form of a chromosome |
| Gregor Mendel | Austrian Monk known as the Father of Genetics. Worked with pea plants |
| Chromosome Theory | States that genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes |
| Nitrogen Bases | Form the rungs of the ladder in DNA. Paired as Adenine with Thymine, and Guanine with Cytosine. In RNA, Thymine is replaced with Uracil. |
| Mutation | Any change in a gene or chromosome. May be helpful, harmful, or neither. |
| Pedigree | A chart, or family tree that tracks a family's traits |
| Sex-Linked Traits | Traits controlled by genes on the X or Y chromosomes |
| Genetic Disorders | An abnormal condition passed on to offspring, caused by mutations |
| Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell |
| Selective Breeding | The use of organisms with desirable traits to serve as parents of the next generation of offspring |
| Inbreeding | Crossing individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles |
| Hybridization | Type of selective breeding where genetically different individuals are crossed to have the best traits from both parents |
| Clone | Organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it came. |
| Mitosis | Stage of cell division where the nucleus divides, resulting in two identical daughter cells |
| Meiosis | Cell division where chromosomes are reduced by half, creating four sex cells-male sperm and a female egg |
| Punnett Square | A box used to determine the possible outcomes from crossing two gametes |
Created by:
scharfpt
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