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Canevinchap4gabrielA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell membrane(plasma membrane) | phospholipid belayer.materials enter or exit through the cell membrane and thus controls the interaction with it environment and excretion of wastes. contains integral proteins allow entrance by passive or active transport and peripheral proteins- enzymes |
| Cytoplasm | the jelly like substance in a cell that contains the cytosol,cytoskeleton, and organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | filaments and tubes within the cytoplasm that give structure to the cell. They are active in cell division |
| Cytosol | complex mixture of substances dissolved in water within the cytoplasm. It contains water, sodium, potassium and calcium ions, enzymes and other proteins. |
| Nucleus | a membrane enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cels. It contains the genetic info and is the control center of the cell by regulating p gene expression. The DNA long, thin chromatin when not dividing or as chromosomes when about to divide |
| Nucleolus | the site within the nucleus where RNA is made. |
| cell theory | the belief that 1. all living things are composed of one or more cells 2. cells are the basic units of structure and function 3.cells only come from the reproduction of existing cells |
| integral and peripheral proteins | an integral protein is a specific protein embedded within the lipid bilayer. the emerge from only one side of the membrane. A peripheral protein lie on only one side of the membrane and are not embedded in it |
| Prokaryotes | organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus and a membrane bound organelles. prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea |
| Eukaryotes | organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and a membrane-bound organelles |
| mitochondria | tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP |
| Cristae | the inner folds in a membrane (of mitochondria) |
| ribosomes | small, roughly spherical organelles that are responsible for building protein |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth) | lacks ribosomes and thus has a smooth appearance. smooth ER builds lipids such as cholesterol |
| rough ER | system of interconnected flattened sacs covered with ribosomes |
| Golgi apparatus | system of flattened membranous sacs. |
| Vesicle | small, spherically shaped sacs that are surrounded by a single membrane and that are classified by their contents |
| Exocytosis | Process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle |
| Endocytosis | Process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells |
| Lysosomes | vesicles containing digestive enzymes they digest bacteria, a large molecule, and worn out cell parts |
| Peroxisomes | vesicles with enzymes to break down drugs or toxins |
| 4 steps from protein synthesis to export | 1.Assembly on ribosomes( mostly on rough ER) 2. It goes from the ER to the Golgi apparatus 3. Then it goes from the Golgi to the vesicles 4. Lastly to exit, it goes to the cellular vesicles and exits |
| Centrioles | cylinders of microtubuoles near the nucleus except during cell division |
| 3 structures unique to plant cells | The production of the cell wall. They have a large central vacuole. And they contain a variety of plastids |
| 3 plastids | Plastids are organelles are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA. 3 of them are chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts |
| Leucoplasts | It is a plastid it is used as a storage for starch or oil |
| Chromosomes | Structures in the nucleus made of DNA And protein |
| Chromatin | When the cell is not dividing the DNA Is in a thread like form called chromatin |
| 4 levels of organization in a multicellular organism | Cells combine to make a tissue. Tissues combine to make an organ. Organs combine to make an organ system |
| Grade 30/30 | I added to cristae. Add more on Golgi. |
| Cilia | hair like filamentous structures that extend from the surface of the cell for movement |
| Flagella | single hairlike structure |
Created by:
gabrielh
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