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MrsC Med Term Chap10
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| dur/o | dura mater |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gli/o | glial cell |
| lept/o | thin, slender |
| mening/o, meningi/o | membranes, meninges |
| my/o | muscle |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| neur/o | nerve |
| pont/o | pons |
| radicul/o | nerve root |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| thec/o | sheath (refers to meninges) |
| vag/o | vagus nerve |
| alges/o, -algesia | excessive sensitivity to pain |
| -algia | pain |
| caus/o | burning |
| comat/o | deep sleep |
| esthesi/o, -esthesia | feeling, nervous sensation |
| kines/o,kinesi/o, -kinesia, kinesis, kinetic | movement |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| lex/o | word, phrase |
| -paresis | slight paralysis |
| -phasia | speech |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -praxia | action |
| -sthenia | strength |
| Syncop/o | cut off |
| Tax/o | order, coordination |
| Neuron | individual nerve cell |
| Ganglia | small clusters of nerve cell bodies |
| Cerebrum | Manages speech, vision, smell, movement, hearing, and thought |
| Cerebellum | Coordinates voluntary movements , Maintains balance |
| Thalamus | Integrates and monitors impulses from skin (pain) |
| Hypothalamus | Controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions;Regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland;Monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
| Pons | Bridges cerebrum and cerebellum with rest of the brain;Houses nerves for face and eyes |
| Medulla oblongata | Connects spinal cord to brain; Nerve tracts from side to side;Regulates:Blood vessels, Heart, Respiratory system |
| cerebellar | Pertaining to the cerebellum. |
| cerebrospinal fluid | Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and is located within the ventricles of the brain. |
| cerebral cortex | The outer region (gray matter) of the cerebrum. |
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter which activates to release stored electrical energy |
| afferent nerve | sensory nerve |
| arachnoid membrane | layer of meninges surround the brain and spinal cord |
| astrocyte | nerve cell that transports water and salts between capillaries and neurons |
| autonomic nervous system | controls automatic functions |
| axon | carries the impulse away from the cell body |
| blood-brain barrier | protective barrier between the blood and brain cells |
| brainstem | pons and medulla oblongata |
| cauda equine | horse tail, a fan of nerve fibers below the spinal cord |
| subdural hematoma | Collection of blood under the dura mater (outermost layer of the meninges). |
| epidural hematoma | Collection of blood above the dura mater. |
| encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain. |
| Encephalopathy | Any disease of the brain. |
| Anencephaly | Condition of no brain (congenital anomaly). |
| glioblastoma | Tumor (malignant) of glial (neuroglial or supportive) cells in the brain. |
| Leptomeningeal | Pertaining to the pia mater and arachnoid membranes of the meninges. |
| meningeal | Pertaining to the meninges. |
| meningioma | Tumor of the meninges. |
| myelomeningocele | Hernia of the spinal cord and meninges; associated with spina bifida. |
| Myoneural | Pertaining to muscle and nerve. |
| myelogram | Record (x-ray) of the spinal cord. |
| poliomyelitis | Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord. |
| neuropathy | Disease of nerves. |
| polyneuritis | Inflammation of many (spinal) nerves, causing paralysis, pain, and wasting of muscles. |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | (sequela of certain viral infections with paresthesias and muscular weakness) |
| cerebellopontine | Pertaining to the cerebellum and the pons. |
| Radiculopathy | Disease of the spinal nerve roots. |
| radiculitis | Inflammation of nerve roots. |
| thalamic | Pertaining to the thalamus. |
| intrathecal injection | Placement of substances (medications) into the subarachnoid space. |
| vagal | Pertaining to the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. |
| analgesia | Condition of no sensation of pain (usually accompanied by sedation without loss of consciousness). |
| anesthetics | Agents that reduce or eliminate sensation. |
| Hypalgesia | Diminished sensation to pain. |
| Neuralgia | Nerve pain. |
| Cephalgia | Headache (head pain). |
| causalgia | Burning sensation of pain (in the skin); usually following injury to sensory fibers of a peripheral nerve. |
| comatose | In a state of coma (profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused; may be due to trauma, disease, or action of ingested toxic substance). |
| anesthesia | Condition of no nervous sensation. |
| Hyperesthesia | Excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli. |
| Paresthesia | An abnormal sensation such as numbness, tingling, or pricking. |
| bradykinesia | Slowness of movement. |
| Hyperkinesis | Condition of excessive movement (muscular activity). |
| Dyskinesia | Involuntary, spasmodic movements. |
| Akinetic | Pertaining to without movement. |
| epilepsy | Chronic disorder marked by attacks of brain dysfunction due to excessive firing of nervous impulses. |
| narcolepsy | Sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep (seizures of sleep). |
| Dyslexia | Disorder of reading, writing, or learning (despite the ability to see and recognize letters). |
| Hemiparesis | Slight paralysis in either the right or left half of the body. |
| Aphasia | Condition of inability to speak. |
| hemiplegia | Paralysis in half of the body. |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis in the lower portion of the body. |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of all four limbs of the body. |
| apraxia | Inability to carry out familiar purposeful movements (in the absence of paralysis or sensory or motor impairment). |
| Neurasthenia | Condition of lack of nerve strength; nervous exhaustion and weakness. |
| syncopal | Pertaining to syncope (fainting). |
| Ataxia | No muscular coordination (often caused by cerebellar dysfunction) |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem |
| Alzheimer disease | brain disorder marked by gradual, progressive mental deterioration; personality changes; and impairment of daily function |
| Huntington disease | Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration |
| Hydrocephalus | Abnormal accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain |
| Parkinson disease | Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia; occurring later in life and leading to tremors, weakness, and slowness of movement |
| Tourette syndrome | Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds |
| Migraine | Severe, recurrent, unilateral, vascular headache |
| Cerebral contusion | Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head |
| Cerebral concussion | Temporary brain dysfunction after injury; usually clearing within 24 hours |
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