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Bio - Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis for HS Freshman Honors Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autotroph | organism that uses energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds |
| photosynthesis | process used by autotrophs to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, primarily carbohydrates |
| heterotrophs | animals and other organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances |
| photosynthesis equation | 6CO2 + 6H2) --> (light energy) C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| light reactions | require light to happen |
| chloroplasts | organelles found in the cells of plants and algae |
| thylakoids | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis. |
| grana | connected and layered stacks of thylakoids |
| stroma | solution surrounding the grana |
| pigments | compounds that absorb light and give color to substances or mixtures |
| chlorophylls | most important pigments in the thylakoids |
| carotenoids | yellow, brown, and orange accessory pigments |
| photosystem | in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| primary electron acceptor | in chloroplasts, an acceptor of electrons lost from chlorophyll a; found in the thylakoid membrane |
| electron transport chain | a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane |
| chemiosmosis | process through which ATP is synthesized by relies on a concentration gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane |
| Calvin cycle | series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a 3-carbon sugar; process by which organic compounds are formed using CO2 and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH |
| carbon fixation | the incorporation of CO2 into organic compounds |
| stomata | singular stoma; small pores |
| C4 pathway | pathway enabling certain plants to fix CO2 into 4-carbon compounds |
| C4 plants | plants that use the C4 pathway |
| CAM plants | crassulacean acid metabolism plants open their stomata at night and close during day, taking in CO2 nightly to conserve water and then storing CO2 |
| factors that affect photosynthesis | light intensity, CO2 levels, temperature (enzymes denature) |
Created by:
xox.saras.xox
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