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Genetics Lab Test
Genetic Variation Lab Test for BIOL 111 at USC (SC)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allele | Particular version of gene at a location in a chromosome. Alternative forms of genes |
| Autosome | Chromosome other than a sex chromosome |
| Characteristic | Feature that can be inherited |
| Chromsome | Coiled rod shaped structure of DNA and protein found in nuclei of all eukaryotic cells and visable during cell division |
| Complete Dominance | When differetn alleles of the same trait are present, one allele expresses itself and masks expression of all other alleles |
| Dihybrid Cross | Cross involving 2 pairs of traits |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid which is the genetic material of most organisms |
| Diploid | Having 2 sets of genes and chromosomes, one set from each parent |
| Dominance | In a heterozygte, the allele phenotypically expressed |
| Dominant Allele | Allele that is expressed |
| Recessive Allele | Allele that is not phenotypically expressed |
| Fertilization | Sperm unites with egg. Since sperm and egg each contain one set of chromosomes, fertilization produces a diploid cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes |
| Zygote | In humans and plants, first cell produced by reproduction |
| Gametes | Sex cells that are the result of meiosis |
| Germ Cell | Cell that undergoes meiosis and produces gametes |
| Gene | Unit of heredity located in a particular segment of DNA making up a chromosome |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism expressed as letters of the trait |
| Haploid | Cell containing only one set of chromosomes |
| Heredity | Transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring and the effects of this transmission |
| Homologous Chromosome | 2 matching chromosomes |
| Homozygous | 2 identical alleles for a given trait |
| Incomplete Dominance | Type of inheritance in which offspring have an intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents |
| Meiosis | 2 stage cell division found only in sexually-reproducing organisms that results in gametes with half the chromosome number of the germ cell and therefore, half the genetic material as well |
| Monohybrid Cross | Cross involving single pairs of traits. Ex: TTxTt |
| Mutation | Change in base pairs of nucleotides of DNA that can be inherited |
| Point Mutation | Affects only one nucleotide |
| Substitution Mutation | Changing of one base pair of a nucleotide for another |
| Insertion/Deletion Mutations | Insertion/deletion of nucleotides into DNA |
| Nucleotide | Performs function of a monomer; form polymers of nucleic acid |
| Pedigree | Family tree showing how traits are passed down from generation to generation |
| Phenotype | Detectable traits of an organism; expression in words of an observable genotype |
| Polygenic Inheritance | When a single characteristic is affected by 2 or more independent genes |
| Probability | Relative liklihood of an event occurring |
| Punnett Square | Model for establishing genotypes and probabilities of a genetic cross |
| Randomness | Ocurrence of events with no apparent pattern |
| Recessive Allele | In a heterozygote, allele is not expressed |
| Sex Chromosomes | Chromosomes that are involved in determination of sex |
| Sex-linked Traits | Traits that result from genes in sex chromosomes. |
| Single-gene Cross | Genetic cross that involves a single gene |
| Somatic Cell | Body cell; excludes cells that undergo meiosis and become egg or sperm cells |
| Trait | Specific version of a characteristic |
| 2-Gene Cross | A genetic cross that involves 2 genes |
| Zygote | Single cell fertilized egg resulting from union of 2 haploid gametes during fertilization |
Created by:
brewerr3
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