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Ch. 11 Vocab

Bio2

QuestionAnswer
activation the initiation of transcription by the removal of a repressor protein
benign tumor an abnormal not nonthreatning cell mass
cancer the uncontrolled growth of cells
enhancer a region adjacent to a eukaryotic gene that must be activated if the gene is to be expressed
exon coding region of a eukaryotic gene
gene expression the transcription of DNA into RNA and then into proteins
genome the complete genetic material contained in an individual
inducer in the lac operon, the molecule that binds to repressor moleculess and induces gene expression
intron a section of a structural gene that does not code for an amino acid and is excised before translation
lac operon DNA segment that codes for the regulatory enzymes for lactose metabolism in E. coli
leukemia a progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs
malignant tumor a cancerous mass of cells
mutagen an environmental factor that damages DNA
oncogene a gene that induces cancer or other uncontrolled cell proliferation; a mutated or activated proto-oncogene that is associated with the development of tumor cells
operator a sequence of DNA to which a repressor binds to prevent mRNA synthesis from the adjacent gene; characteristically composed of one or more palindromic sequences
operon a unit of DNA common in bacteria and phages consisting of clusters of regulated genes.
pre-mRNA a form of RNA that contains introns and exons
regulator gene a genetic unit that regulates or suppresses the activity of one or more structural genes
repression the blockage of transcription by the action of a repressor protein
sarcoma a tumor growing in bone or muscle tissue
structural gene a gene that codes for a product, such as an enzyme. protein, or RNA, rather than serving as a regulator
transcription factor one of the additional proteins bound to enhancers and RNA polymerase that regulate transcription
tumor-suppressor gene a gene that suppresses tumor-formation but when mutated causes a loss in cell function, resulting in tumor formation
Created by: kady.ott
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