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Nutrition test 5
Water, Minerals, and Alcohol
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| What is the most important nutrient in the body? | ~ Water |
| Water makes up what percentage of our body? | ~ 60% |
| Name 6 functions of Water? | ~ Transports (nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases), regulate body temp, Lubercates, metabolic processes, maintains blood volume, and cushions |
| Name 2 ways that water regulates body temperature. | ~ Blood circulates heat (generated by muscles), and sweat cools down body through evaporation |
| Name 3 inputs and 3 outputs of water? | ~ Beverages, food, metabolism / Sweat, respiration, and urine/feces |
| Water loss of 2% of body weight reduces muscular work capacity by what percent (range)? | ~ 20-30% |
| Name 5 reasons we might need water for? | ~ processing alcohol, physical activity, medication, and breastfeeding. |
| Why is thirst a poor indicator? | ~ because a person is already dehydrated by the time they feel thirsty |
| What minerals are high levels in hard water? | ~ Calcium and Manesium |
| What is soft water? | ~ water has more sodium |
| What does purified water mean? | ~ water has been demineralized |
| What government agency sets limits for contaminants in water? | ~ EPA |
| Can your body produce minerals? | ~ NO, (are essential) |
| Are minerals high in calories and do they provide high amounts of energy? | ~ No calories, or energy |
| Do minerals provide electrolytes? | ~ Yes, like in (sodium, potassium, and chloride) |
| What are two different categories of minerals called? | ~ Major and Trace |
| Most major minerals need how many mg/day? | ~ 100 mg/day |
| What are some examples of major minerals? | ~ Calcium, Phosphorous, Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, Chloride, and Sulfur |
| What are some examples of Trace minerals? | ~ Iron, Iodine, Zinc, Fluride, Copper, Selenium, and Chromium |
| What is the most abundant mineral in the body? | ~ Calcium |
| What are 4 roles of calcium in the body? | ~ muscle contraction and heartbeat, blood clotting, nerve function, and Immune defense |
| Where is the storage bank for calcium in the body? | ~ Bones |
| Is calcium in the blood tightly regulated? | ~ Yes |
| After how many years do people start losing bone density? | ~ 40 years |
| What mineral combines with calcium in the bones? | ~ Phosphorous |
| Is phosphorus part of DNA? | ~ Yes |
| What vitamin does phosphorous assist? | ~ Vitamin B |
| What major part of a cell is phosphorous a part of? | ~ Phospholipid layer |
| What mineral is known for helping over 300 enzymes? | ~ Magnesium |
| What 3 major minerals in the body helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and nerve transmission? | ~ Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride |
| What mineral helps bond and maintain protein shape? | ~ Sulfide |
| What is the most abundant element on EARTH, but most common deficiancy in the world? | ~ Iron |
| Iron in the body is important for what two major functions? | ~ transports oxygen in blood by hemoglobin, and stores oxygen in muscle by myoglobin |
| Too little Iron in body leads to what disorder? | ~ anemia (reduced capacity of blood to carry oxygen) |
| Can people get iron from food bein cooked in iron cookware? | ~ Yes |
| Iodine help what gland of the body maintain metabolism? | ~ thyroid |
| Too little Iodine can cause a ? | ~ goiter |
| What trace mineral helps make hemoglobin and disposes of free radicals? | ~ Zinc |
| What trace mineral is a antioxidant and activates thyroid hormones | ~ Selenium |
| What mineral prevents cavities? | ~ Fluoride |
| What mineral only helps insulin regulate glucose and nothing else? | ~ chomium |
| Alcohol are groups of what type of chemicals? | ~ Organic |
| Does alcohol supply energy? | ~ Yes, 7cal/g |
| "Proof" of alcohol is:? | ~ twice the percentage of alcohol |
| Is the percent of alcohol in breath proportional to the percent in blood? | ~ yes |
| 20% of alcohol is absorbed from the ? to the ? | ~ stomach, brain |
| 20% of alcohol reaches the brain in how many minutes? | ~ 1 minute |
| 80% of alcohol is absorbed from the ? to the ? | ~ small intestine to the liver |
| What is an enzyme found in the liver that metabolizes significant alcohol? | ~ ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) |
| Is alcohol metabolized faster than absobed? | ~ No |
| Can metobilism of alcohol be sped up? | ~ Yes, fasting affects ADH and cuts metabolism in half |
| Why does a breathalyzer work? | ~ because alcohol is eliminated in breath, which is proportional to BAC |
| How does food delay the absorption of alcohol? | ~ By allowing less alcohol to touch the stomach wall |
| Is alcohol absorbed quickly in the small intestine? | ~ Yes |
| Why might a women get drunk faster than a man of same body mass? | ~ A women absorbs more alcohol (less gastric ADH), and metabolizes slower in the liver (less hepatic ADH) |
| Name 6 negative effect of alcohol? | ~ Interacts with meds, Nigh blindness, Cancers (throat, esophageal, breast, and colon), dehydrates, impairs testosterone, Liverdamage, brain shrinkage |
| Name a bennifit of alcohol? | ~ may reduce heart diseases after 40 |
Created by:
Patrick24g
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