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Ch. 9 & 10 Test

Biology 2

QuestionAnswer
2. Describe the differences between transcription and translation. Transcription: DNA to RNA Translation: mRNA to proteins/polypeptides
5. mRNA single, uncoiled chain of nucleotides carries genetic info from the nucleus to cytoplasm
5. tRNA nucleotides folded into hair pin shape binds to amino acids
5. rRNA nucleotides in globular form; makes up ribosomes
3. structure of DNA nucleotides are ATCG; deoxyribose is the sugar; double helix structure
6. termination signal specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that marks the end of a gene during transcription
6. stop codon sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotide that causes a ribosome to stop translation
UGGCUCCAA A section of one DNA strand has the sequence ACCGAGGTT. What is the sequence of an mRNA transcribed from this section of DNA?
gene A large region of DNA that directs the formation of a protein is called a ____.
nitrogen-containing bases Complementary base paring links
transcription New mRNA is made through the process of ____.
tRNA What type of RNA bonds to one specific type of amino acid?
3. structure of RNA nucleotides are AUCG; ribose is the sugar; single-stranded
4. Explain the significance of start and stop codons. beginning and end of translation
anticodon identifies specific amino acid for tRNA
codon group of 3 sequential bases of mRNA
deoxyribose sugar found in DNA
double helix spiral shape of DNA
nucleotides repeating subunits of DNA and RNA
peptide bond links together amino acid from tRNA
ribosome site of translation
uracil substitutes for thymine in RNA
homozygous dominant having two similar dominant alleles for a trait
genotype genetic makeup of an organism
monohybrid cross a cross involving one pair of contrasting traits
heredity transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
allele alternative form of a gene
heterozygote organism having two different alleles for a trait
trait contrasting form of a hereditary characteristic
gene a segment of DNA that controls a particular hereditary trait
alleles separate during the formation of gametes What is the law of segregation?
alleles for different characteristics are distributed to gametes INDEPENDENTLY What is the law of independent assortment?
neither gene totally masks the other one What is codominance?
meiosis When does segregation of alleles occur?
Created by: kady.ott
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