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Law Chap. 5
terms for chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vicarious liability | responsibility of one person for the torts of another. |
| Felony | a serious crime punishable by jail over 1 year or execution. |
| Misdemeanor | less serious crime punishable by fine or jail up to 1 year. |
| Infraction | misdemeanor punishable by only a fine. |
| White-collar crimes | committed by "respected" community members. |
| Larceny or Theft | The wrongful taking of money or personal property that belongs to someone else, with the intent to deprive the owner of its possession. |
| Robbery | taking of property from another's person or immediate presence, against the victim's will, by force or by causing fear. |
| Burglary | entering a building without permission when intending to commit a crime. |
| Receiving stolen property | knowingly receiving or buying property known to be stolen, with intent to deprive the rightful owner of the property. |
| Fence | one who receives stolen property. |
| False pretenses | one who obtains money or other property by lying about a past or existing fact. |
| Fraud | Intentional misrepresentation of an existing, important fact |
| Forgery | falsely making or materially altering a writing to defraud another. |
| Bribery | unlawfully offering or giving receiving money to influence an official duty\act. |
| Extortion | blackmail. Obtaining money or other property from a person by wrongful use of force, fear, or the power of office. |
| Extortionist | blackmailer. |
| Conspiracy | agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime. |
| Arson | willful and illegal burning of a building. |
| Selling and buying narcotics | selling, offering to sell, or possessing illegal narcotics; transporting or giving illegal narcotics |
| Computer crime | Accessing, altering, damaging, or destroying without authorization any computer or information on a computer is criminal conduct. |
| Treason | a breach of allegiance to one's government usually committed through levying war against the government or by giving aid or comfort to the enemy |
| Perjury | lying under oath |
| Assault | placing another in fear of harmful or offensive touching. |
| Battery | harmful or offensive touching of another. |
| Vicarious liability | legal doctrine by which one party is held liable for the torts of another. |
| Vicarious criminal liability | legal doctrine by which one party is held criminally responsible for the crimes of another |
| Procedural defense | based on problems with the way evidence is obtained or the way the accused person is arrested, questioned, tried, or punished. |
| Substantive defense | defenses which disprove, justify, or excuse the alleged crime. |
| Self-defense | reasonable and lawful resistance to attack. |
| Criminal insanity | the mental state in which the accused does not know the difference between right and wrong. |
| Immunity | freedom from prosecution. |
| Alibi | a defense that places the defendant at the relevant time of crime in a different place than the scene involved so that it makes it impossible for him/her to be the guilty party. |
| Punishment | any penalty provided by law and imposed by court. |
| Plea bargaining | pleading guilty to a less serious crime in exchange for having a more serious charge dropped. |
| Fine | cash paid as punishment |
| Restitution | compensation for a loss, damage, or injury |
| Confinement | restriction in jail, prison, or penitentiary |
| Execution | the killing of somebody as part of a legal or extralegal process |
| Probation | sentence imposed for commission of crime whereby a convicted criminal is released into the community under the supervision of a probation officer in lieu of incarceration. |
| Parole | release from jail, prison or other confinement after actually serving part of sentence. |
| Pardon | an executive action that sets aside punishment for a crime. |
| Aggravated Assault | intentional threat to physically or offensively injure another with use of a deadly weapon or other severe circumstances. |
| Aggravated Battery | harmful or offensive touching using a deadly weapon or the fact that the battery resulted in serious bodily harm. |
| Breaking and Entering | entering any building not just a dwelling without permission with intent to commit a crime. |
| Computer Crime | a crime such as sabotaging or stealing computer data or using a computer to commit some other crime. |
| First Degree Murder | murder that is willful, deliberate, or premeditated, or that is committed during the course of another serious felony (often limited or rape, kidnapping, robbery, burglary or arson) |
| Homicide | The killing of one person by another. |
| Kidnapping | Seizing and taking away a person by force or fraud, often with a demand for ransom. |
| Manslaughter | the unlawful killing of a human being without malice |
| Murder | The killing of a human being with malice aforethought. |
| Rape | unlawful sexual activity with a person without consent and usually by force or threat of injury. |
| Second Degree Murder | the killing of a human being committed intentionally; unintentionally but recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life. |
| Sexual Assault | offensive sexual contact with another person exclusive of rape. |
| Sexual Battery | the forced penetration of or contact with another’s sexual organs or the sexual organs of the perpetrator. |
| Stalking | the act or instance of following or loitering near another with the purpose of annoying or harassing that person or committing a further crime. |
| Treason | the attempt to overthrow the government either by making war against the state or materially supporting its enemies. (spying for enemies). |
Created by:
DowdLA
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