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Chapter Nine
Flashcards
| Question Autos | Answer |
|---|---|
| Autosomes | Any chromosome other than a sex determining pair |
| Barr body | A dark staining body (discovered by M. Barr)in the nuclei of female mammals that contains a condensed, inactive x chromosome |
| crossing over | Exchange of segments between non sister chromatides of a tetrad during miosis |
| dipliod (2n)number | cell condition in which two of each type of chromosome are present |
| Down syndrome | Trisomy 21; the individual has three copies of chromosome 21 and the following characteristics; mental disabilities of varying degree, short stature, eyelid fold, stubby fingers,a palm crease, etc. |
| dyad | A chromosome consisting of two sister chromatides |
| fertilization | Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei producing a zygote that develops into a new individual |
| Haploid (n) number | A cell condition in which only one of each type of chromosome is present |
| homologous chromosome | A member of a pair of a pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together in synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division; homologue |
| homologue | A member of a pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together during synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division; homologue chromosome |
| interkinesis | Period of time between meiosis 1 and meiosis2 during which no DNA replication takes place |
| Klinefelter syndrome | condition caused by XXY chromosomes |
| life cycle | Recurring pattern of genetically programmed events by which individuals grow, develop, maintain themselves,and produce |
| meiosis | type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations |
| meiosis 1 | type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations |
| meiosis 2 | type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations |
| disjunction | failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meisis1 or meiosis2, respectively |
| non sister chromatide | A tetrad consists of four chromatides only the chromatides belonging to a homologue are sister chromatides the others are nonsister chromatides |
| Sex chromosome | Chromosome that determines the sex of an individual; in humans females have two X chromosomes and males have X&Y chromosomes |
| spermatogenesis | production of sperm in males by process in meiosis and maturation |
| synapsis | paring of homologous in meiosis1 |
| tetrad | homologous chromosomes each having sister chromatids that are joined during meiosis; also called bivalent |
| turner syndrome | condition caused by the inheritance of a single X chromosome |
| Zygote | diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes; the product of fertilization |
| how many different genetic combinations are there? | 70 trillion |
| oogenisis | meiosis that produces eggs |
| males sperm generation | starts at puberty and goes through life time |
| female egg generation | starts before birth and ends around 50 |
| Menopause | this happens in female around age 50 when egg production stops |
| male sperm count | unlimited |
| female egg count | only produce one egg a month |
| DNA Ligase | ---- an enzyme that connects (ligates) two strands of DNA (Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand) |
| DNA Helicase | enzyme that separates the two strands of the double helix to allow replication |
| a large complex made of protein and DNA where proteins are made (translated) | |
| mitochondria | the powerhouse of the cell where ATP is produced |
| chloroplast | an organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| centriole | the structure that spindle fibers attach to during mitosis and meiosis |
| nucleolus | in prokaryotes the region where the chromsome is located |
| endoplasmic reticulum | the transport network for molecules within the cell |
| golgi apparatus | the organelle that packages proteins and lipids for export from the cell |
| ribosome | a large complex made of protein and DNA where proteins are made (translated) |
| centrosome | a structure composed of two centrioles involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle |
| vacuoles | structures that store food and waste |
Created by:
martinezle1
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