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Whitworth biology 2.

Photosynthesis

QuestionAnswer
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 photosynthesis
What is Light reaction? conversion of Light Energy to Chemical Energy (ATP & NADPH)
What is the Calvin-Benson Cycle? the conversion of CO2 to Glucose (after light reaction
where does light reaction take place? Light reaction occurs in Thylakoid membranes
Where does the CAlvin Cycle take place? it takes place in the stroma
what is light? Light is electromagnetic energy traveling in waves of varying lenghts
What are photons? they are packets of light
what are pigment molecules? they absorb some light wavelengths and reflect others
Photosynthetic pigments absorb what? they absorb light in the visible spectrum 400nm-740nm
how much sunlight energy can plants convert? they can convert 0.3% to 0.5% of incoming sunlight into chemical energy
How can plants increase their efficiency? they can increase variety of pigments and number of pigments
What does each molecule do? they absorb or reflect its own characteristic wavelengths of light
What are some example of photosynthetic pigments? Chlorophylls a (plants, algae, cyanobacteria) b (plants and green algae) c(diatoms, brown algae) d (some cyanobacteria and red algae) Carotenoids
What is the Photosynthetic Antenna Complex? Chlorophyll & other pigments molecules embedded in protein complex of thylakoid membrane
How does the Photosynthetic Antenna Complex work? photons energize pigments > energy transfer to reaction center > Electron in excited state is transfer to ETS
Exciting a molecule in the PAC pigments molecules get excited when photon is absorbed. the excited state is unstable it is transfer to reaction center and it is take to oxidation-reduction reaction
Light Reaction: photosystem II to Electron Flow photon provides electrons for RC in Photosystem II then passes to electron transport chain where proton pumping occurs as electrons pass down creating ATP
Light Reaction: Electron flow to Photosystem I When electrons go down in the ETC they are boosted by photons once again to Photosystem I where NADP+ is the final electron acceptor
Chemiosmotic ATP production: just like the electron transport chain in cells in plants protons are pushed into the thylakoid space out of the stroma and the gradient produced is used for ATP production
what are some Photosynthetic variations: Cyclic photophosphorylation * infrared photosynthesis
the stages of the Calvin Benson Cycle: stage 1: fixation Stage 2: reduction stage 3: regeneration of acceptor
Stage 1 of Calvin Cycle: Carbon is fixed into an organic molecule that can be used in biological sythesis. CO2 -->2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate
the Importance of RuBisCo it is the most abundant enzyme in the biosphere. CO2 reacts with RuBP to form a 6-carbon intermediate that then splits into the 3carbon molecule.
Stage 2 of the Calvin Cycle: 3-phosphoglycerate converted to Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (reversing glycolysis)
Stage 3 of the Calvin Cycle: 10 G3P molecules (30 carbons) are use to generate 3 RuBP (RubisCo) (30carbons)
When is Glucose produced in the Calvin Benson Cycle? it is produced in Stage 2
Photorespiration (dark side of RuBisCo) when oxygen is given instead of CO2 then the calvin cycle produces a 2-phosphoglycolate resulting in release of CO2. the 2-phosphoglycolate must then be degraded in the mitochondria for processing. ATP is required
What else happens in photorespiration? on hot dry days the leaves can lose water so the stomata closes to conserve water but it also decreases gas exchange.
what drives photorespiration? when CO2 is decreased and oxygen is increased.
C3 plants can fix carbon using only C3photosynthesis (the calvin cycle)
C4 plants the CO2 is fixed to produce a 4-carbon molecule in the mesophyll cell that is then transported to bundle-sheath cells where CO2 is released for Calvin Cycle. it requires 12 additional ATPs
CAM plants it uses both C3 and C4 pathways: the stomata is open at night to fix carbon into the 4-carbon molecule and then CO2 is released during the day to drive the C3 pathways (calvin cycle)
Created by: lesly.carina
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