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Bone Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ossification | bone formation |
| explain process of ossification at birth and after birth | at birth, most long bones are well ossified (except the epiphyses). after birth, secondary ossification centers develop. by age 25, nearly all bones are completely ossified |
| explain how bone markings develop at birth and after | at birth, all bones are relatively featureless. but as child uses muscles, bone markings develop and become increasingly prominent. |
| secondary ossification center | growing mass of actual bone within the preformed material (be it fibrous connective tissue or hyaline cartilage) |
| what is the general pattern of ossification? | bone formation follows one or two patterns. However, bone is bone at the end of either process |
| intramembraneous ossification | formation of bone directly on or within fibrous connective tissue |
| how does intramembraneous ossification work? | osteoblasts invade the FCT to form a secondary ossification center. Bone-forming activity spreads out from this center until full bone is formed |
| examples of intramembraneous ossification? where does it occur? | this type of ossification forms the cranial bones, the clavicle, and from the soft spots on an infant's head (fontanels= FCT) |
| fontanels are an example of intramembraneous ossification. Explain. | soft spots on the infant's head (fontanels = fibrous CT) are eventually replaced by bone through intramembraneous ossification |
| endochondral ossification | formation of bone within a hyaline cartilage template |
| how does endochondral ossification work? | first you get a hyaline cartilage template that has the approximate shape of the future bone. This cartilage must be broken down, reorganized & hardened to form bone. |
| example of endochondral ossification? where does it occur | occurs in most other bones in the body (besides the cranial bones & clavicle, where intramembraneous ossification occurs). these bones exist first as hyaline cartilage templates in the fetus |
| what kind of growth is responsible for bone elongation? | interstitial growth |
| what kind of growth is responsible for bone widening/thickening? | appositional growth |
| interstitial growth | growth from within: only cartilage can do this, especially hyaline cartilage at epiphyseal plate. (via multiplication of chondrocytes & deposition of new matrix in the interior bone) |
| appositional growth | deposition of new tissue at the surface. Both bone & cartilage can do this. |
| what happens to interstitial growth if break at epiphyseal plate occurs? | if a break happens at the epiphyseal plate, this accelerates the closure/bony ossification of the plate (which is now called the "epiphyseal line" and that leg or arm would be shorter than the other one. |
| what is the last bone to stop growing | clavicle. |
| how old are we when most bones are fully developed? | 25 |
| formation of bone within fibrous CT? | intermembraneous ossification |
| formation of bone within a hyaline cartilage template? | endochondral ossification |
| what are the two patterns that bone formation can follow | intermembraneous ossification OR endochondral ossification |
| growth of bone from within? | interstitial growth |
| deposition of new tissue at the bone surface? | appositional growth. |
| what are the two ways that a bone can grow? | interstitial growth or appositional growth |
| label the developing fetus | see page 8 |
Created by:
kalmetina
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