Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
RHS Chapter 3 Vocab
vocabulary on chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organic compounds | carbon-based molecules |
| hydrocarbons | compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen |
| carbon skeleton | the chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule |
| isomers | compounds with the same formula but different structures |
| functional groups | five chemical groups(Hydroxl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, phosphate group, methyl group |
| hyrdrophilic | water-loving, attracted to water |
| hydroxyl group | consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom |
| carbonyl group | a carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom |
| carboxyl group | consists of a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and also bonded to a hydroxyl group |
| amino group | composed of nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton |
| phosphate group | consists of phophorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms |
| methyl group | consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogens |
| macromolecules | a giant molecule in a living organism formed by the joining of smaller molecules; a protein, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid |
| polymers | a large molecule consisting of many identical or similar molecular units, called monomers, covalently joined together in a chain |
| monomers | the building blocks of polymers |
| dehydration reaction | a reaction that removes a molecule of water, this is how cells link monomers together to form polymers |
| hydrolysis | to break with water; cells break bonds between monomers by adding water to them |
| enzymes | specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells |
| carbohydrate | member of the class of biological molecules consisting of simple single-monomer sugars, two-monomer sugars, and other multiunit sugars |
| monosaccharides | the carbohydrate monomers (single-unit sugars) |
| disaccharide | a sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked by a dehydration reaction |
| polysaccharides | polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reactions |
| starch | a storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers |
| glycogen | excess sugar that animals store in the form of another glucose polysaccharide |
| cellulose | the most abundant organic compound on Earth, forms cablelike fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plant cells |
| chitin | structural polysaccharide, is used by insects and crustaceans to build their exoskeleton, the hard case enclosing an animal |
| lipids | diverse compounds that are grouped together b/c they share one trait: they mix poorly, if at all, with water |
| hydrophobic | water-fearing, doesnt mix with water |
| unsaturated | having less than the maximum number of hydrogens |
| saturated | fats with the maximum number of hydrogens |
| phospholipids | the major component of cell membranes |
| steriods | lipids whose carbon skeleton contains four fused rings |
| cholesterol | a common component in animal cell membranes, and animal cell also used it as a starting material for making other steroids, including sex hormones |
| anabolic steriods | synthetic variants of the male hormone testostrone |
| protein | a polymer constructed from amino acid monomers |
| amino acids | an organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an amino group; serves as the monomer of proteins |
| peptide bond | the covalent linkage between two amino acid units in a polypeptide; formed by a dehydration reaction |
| polypeptide | a polymer (chain) of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| denaturation | a process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure & hence its function; can be caused by changes in pH or salt concentration or by high temp. Also refers 2 the separation of the 2 strands of the DNA double helix,cused by similar factors |
| primary structure | the first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain |
| secondary structure | the second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain |
| alpha helix | the spiral shape resulting from the coiling of a polypeptide in a protein's secondary structure |
| pleated sheet | the folded arrangement of a polypeptide in a protein's secondary structure |
| tertiary structure | the third level of protein structure,the overall 3-D shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of amino acids making up the chain |
| quaternary structure | the fourth level of protein structure the shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits |
| gene | the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a discrete unit of inheritance |
| DNA (deoxyribonnucleic acid) | a double stranded helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), capable of replicating, is an organism's genetic material |
| ribonnucleic acid (RNA) | a type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotides monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous base adenine (A), cytosine (c), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-strained; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses |
| nucleic acid | a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers, serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular structures and activities. the two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA |
| double helix | two polynucleotides wrap around each other |
Created by:
16htracy
Popular Biology sets