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Micro-Tortora '12
Protozoans
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| one-celled eukaryotic organisms classified into phyla on basis of means of motility; motile active stage is called a "trophozoite" which feeds on bacteria & small particulate nutrients; reproduce asexually & sexually; some capable of producing cysts | Protozoans |
| protozoan asexual reproduction by breaking into two parts | Fission |
| protozoan asexual reproduction where smaller daughter cell forms and breaks off | Budding |
| protozoan asexual reproduction where the nucleus divides many times and then a small amount of cytoplasm concentrates around each nucleus, and separation of daughter cells follow = multiple fission | Schizogony |
| a protective capsule produced by a protozoan under adverse conditions; enables parasite to survive outside of host | Cyst |
| single-celled eukaryotes with a feeding groove in the cytoskeleton; placed in the superkingdom Excavata; most are spindle-shaped and possess flagella | Protozoans with feeding grooves |
| pathogenic Excavata found as a motile trophozoite in the small intestine of humans and other animals (lacks mitochondria); excreted in feces as a cyst, survives in the environmet before ingested by next host; shed by number of wild animals (esp.beavers) | Giardia lamblia "Beaver Fever" |
| causes prolonged diarrhea characterized by malaise, nausea, flatulence, weight loss, and abdominal cramps-parasites sometime occupy so much o the intestinal wall there's interference with food absorption; Dx exam of feces or use of "string test" | Giardia lamblia "Beaver Fever" |
| oral drug for treatment of G. lamblia (old and new) and T. vaginalis | meronidazole (Flagyl) nitazoxanide (newer oral drug) |
| has "undulating membrane" consists of membrane bordered by flagellum, lacks mitochondria, NO cyst stage, must transfer from host to host fast before desiccation occurs | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| found in vagina of women/men's urinary tract; sexually trans, (rarely by toilet or towels) asymptomatic in males/vaginitis in females; Dx by wet mount & visualizing motile org. Tx oral metronidazole (Flagyl) to both partners - readily clears infection | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| very hard to kill with chlorination | Cryptosporidian cysts & Giardia lamblia |
| flagellated parasites found in the blood (pathogenic members of Euglenozoa); transmitted by blood-feeding insects; found in circulatory system of bitten host; have long slender bodies and an undulating membrane (have mitochondria) | Hemoflagellates |
| genus that includes species that causes human illness | Trypanosoma |
| transmitted by the tsetse fly | African sleeping sickness |
| transmitted by a "kissing bug" - it bites persons on the face | Chagas' disease |
| move by extending blunt, lobe-like projections of the cytoplasm | Amebae |
| blunt, lobe-like projections of the cytoplasm of an amebae | Pseudopods |
| only pathogenic ameba found in the human intestine (humans are the only host)- 10% of population may be colonized; causes "amebic dysentery" (hepatic portal system to the liver); transmitted through cysts in feces of infected person | Entamoeba histolytica |
| pathogenic ameba found free-living in warm ponds or streams; travels from the nasal mucosa directly to the brain, typically causing death; relatively rare infection | Naegleria fowleri |
| not motile in mature form; obligate intracellular parasites; characterized by the presence of a complex of special organelles at the apexes (tips) of their cells; organelles contain enzymes that penetrate host's tissues; | Apicomplexa |
| has complex life cycle that involves transmission between several hosts | Apicomplexa |
| causative agent of malaria; grow by schizogony in human RBC and in the liver; development regulated by host's body temp.; times maturation and release from blood cells for night when the Anopheles mosquitoes are feeding- transfer to new host | Plasmodium |
| one of leading causes of death today; affects 10%popultn, transmit by Anopheles mosquitoes; enlarged spleen & fever often accomp. Dx:by mcroscpic observ.of thick blood smears to find "signet ring" appearance in circulating RBC; thrpy wide variety of drugs | Malaria |
| drug from the past to treat malaria | Quianine |
| today's drugs to treat malaria | Chloraquin & Malarone |
Created by:
hollieritter
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