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GEOL PREP TEST3
Metamorphic rocks, Geologic Time, Crustal Deformation, Earthquakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The changes in mineral composition and texture of a rock subjected to high temperatures and pressures within Earth | metamorphism |
| Most important agent of metamorphism because it provides the energy to drive chemical reactions | Heat |
| Agents of metamorphism | Heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids |
| Rocks found near the surface of Earth may be subjected to intense heat when they are intruded by magma. ~Changes in rock caused by the heat from a nearby magma body. | contact metamorphism |
| ___ on rock increases with depth and, along with temperature, is influential in metamorphism | Pressure |
| When fine-grained tabular minerals in a rock at depth are subjected to differential stresses, they align ___ to the plane in which the maximum compressive stress is applied | perpendicularly |
| Metamorphism of rocks at a mid-ocean spreading center by chemically active fluids causes metamorphism by the __________ | replacement or substitution of ions in the pre-existing rocks. |
| ___ refers to grain size and is used with mineralogic composition to characterize the degree of metamorphism | Texture |
| Application of low-grade metamorphic forces to a rock causes ______ | an increase in rock density |
| A term for a linear arrangement of textural features often exhibited by metamorphic rocks. Differential stresses align mineral grains perpendicularly to the plane in which the maximum compressive stress is applied | Foliation |
| A texture of metamorphic rocks that gives the rock a layered appearance | Foliated texture |
| Metamorphic rocks that do not exhibit foliation | Nonfoliated |
| The rock from which a metamorphic rock formed | parent rock (protolith) |
| slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, migmatite | foliated |
| marble, quartzite, hornfels, anthracite, fault breccia | nonfoliated |
| parent rock of slate, phyllite, schist | shale, mudstone, or siltstone |
| parent rock of gneiss and migmatite | shale, granite, or volcanic rocks |
| parent rock of marble | limestone, dolostone |
| parent rock of quartzite | quartz sandstone |
| parent rocks of hornfels and fault breccia | any rock type |
| parent rock of anthracite | bituminous coal |
| The force per unit area acting on any surface within a solid. ___ is the force acting on a body of rock | stress |
| An irreversible change (deformation) in the shape and size of a rock body caused by stress. ___ is response to stress | strain |
| A fold in sedimentary strata that resembles an arch | Anticline |
| A linear downfold in sedimentary strata that resembles a trough | Syncline |
| A 12-point scale developed to evaluate earthquake intensity based on the amount of damage to various structures | Modified Mercalli intensity scale |
| A scale of earthquake magnitude based on the amplitude of the largest seismic wave | Richter scale |
| An earthquake wave, slower than a _ wave, that travels only in solids. ___ shakes the particles at right angles to their direction of travel. | S wave |
| The fastest earthquake wave, which travels by compression and expansion of the medium. push (squeeze) and pull (stretch) rocks in the direction the wave is traveling | P wave |
| An unconformity in which the older strata dip at an angle different from that of the younger beds | Angular unconformity |
| A type of unconfomity in which the beds above and below are parallel | Disconfomity |
| A fault in which the movement is parallel to the dip of the fault | Dip-slip fault |
| An elongate, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults | Horst |
| A remnant or outlier of a thrust sheet that was isolated by erosion | Klippe |
| A valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault-bounded block | Graben |
Created by:
jennifermycwi
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