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Baker MH Final
Final for Baker AH Mental Health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mild Anxiety Symptoms | perceive in sharp focus; symptoms are discomfort; restlessness; irritability; mild tension relieving behaviors; |
| Mild Anxiety Nursing Things to Remember | ask calming, open-ended questions; explore; seek clarification; and listen |
| Moderate Anxiety | selective attention; thinking impaired |
| Moderate Anxiety Symptoms | tension; pounding heart; increased pulse and resp; perspiration; mild somatic symptoms; voice tremors; shaking |
| Severe Anxiety | perception greatly reduced; can't learn or problem solve; person seems dazed/confused; behavior automatic |
| Severe Anxiety Symptoms | increased somatic complaints; trembling; pounding heart; hyperventilation/ sense of doom |
| Severe Anxiety Nursing Things to Remember | provide safety; meet physical needs; measures to reduce anxiety like moving person to a quiet room |
| contagious anxiety | during a crisis anxiety spreads, also can occur from mom to baby |
| Conversion disorder | unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause |
| denial | escaping unpleasant thoughts, feelings or wishes by ignoring them |
| Splitting | inability to integrate positive or negative qualities into one image of yourself; aspects alternate. You're either all good or all bad |
| Compensation | used to make up for perceived deficiencies and cover up short comings (unconscious) |
| Rationalization | justifying unreasonable ideas by developing acceptable explanations |
| Projection | unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to others |
| BuSpar | doesn't cause dependence |
| Benzodiazepines | quick onset of action; need to be used for short periods of time; monitor for sedation, ataxia, and decreased cognitive function |
| Irrational Beliefs with Anxiety | keep pts safe from themselves; be firm; use short,simple sentences; stay with them; go to quieter setting; low-pitched voice; speak slowly; reinforce reality; listen for themes in speech; offer exercise; offer high-cal foods/fluids |
| PTSD | persistent reexperiencing of a highly traumatic event that involved actual or near death or injury to self or others to which the person responded with intense fear, helplessness, or horror; often begins 3 months after event |
| Acute Stress Disorder | occurs within one month after exposure to a traumatic event; must display at leasst 3 dissociative symptoms during/after event inclu.: numbing, detachment, absence of emotion, decrease of awareness, derealization, depersonalization, dissociative amnesia |
| Panic Disorder | panic attacks are key part of this |
| Agoraphobia | intense, excessive anxiety or fear about being in a place or situation from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help might not be available if panic attack occurred |
| OCD Treatment and Techniques | Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Lucox, Paxil, Zoloft, Anafranil; promote elimination |
| Social Anxiety Disorder and Treatment | a.k.a. social phobia; severe anxiety or fear provoked by exposure to a social or a performance situation |
| Treatment for Anxiety | BuSpar is non-habit forming; Benzos are habit-forming |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | characterized by excessive anxiety or worried about numerous things, lasting for 6 months or longer; think WAT; may experience: restlessness,fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, tension, sleep disturbance |
| Depression Symptoms | blunted affect; disturbed thought process; feel worthless, guilt, helplessness, hopelessness, anger; psychomotor agitation/retardation; neglected grooming, dress, hygiene; change in bowel habits; decreased libido |
| Monitoring for Depression | Beck Depression Inventory; Hamilton Depression Scale; Zung Depression Scale; and the Geriatric Depression Scale |
| Antidepressants | blackbox warning for suicide strongest within to weeks; kept on long term after 3 incidences of depression |
| SSRIs side effects (Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Luvox, Paxil, Zoloft) | antidepressant; agitation, anxiety, sleep disturbance, tremor, sexual dysfunction, or tension headache, weight change, diaphoresis, hyponatremia |
| SNRIs side effects (Effexor, Cymbalta) | antidepressants; HTN, nausea, insomnia, dry mouth, sweating, agitation, sexual dysfunction |
| NRIs side effects (Vestra) | antidepressant; insomnia, sweating, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy, tachycardia, decreased libido |
| Seratonin receptor agonists side effects(Nefexadone) | antidepressent; sedation, hepatotoxicity, dizziness, hypotension, paresthesias |
| NDRI side effects (Wellbutrin) | antidepressant; agitation, insomnia, headache, N/V, seizures. Can be used to help quit smoking |
| SNDIs side effects (Remeron) | antidepressant; weight gain, sedation, dizziness, headache, sexual dysfunction rare |
| Tricyclic side effects (elavil,anaranil, nopramin, adapin, sinequan, tofranil, aventyl, pamelor, vivactil) | antidepressants; dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac tox, sedation |
| MAOIs side effects (Nardil, EMSAM, Parnate) | antidpressant; insomnia, nausea, agitation, confusion, potential for HTN crisis or serotonin syndrome when used with other antidepressants |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy Side effects | patient may be confused or disoriented, memory usually, but doesn't always recover |
| Delusions Vs Illusions | illusion is an error in perception of sensory stimulus (polka dots perceived as spiders) Delusions-a false belief held to be true even with evidence to the contrary |
| Bipolar Signs/Symptoms | euphoric mood, get rich quick schemes, gives away things, spends lavishly, nonstop movement, continuous flow of speech (flight of ideas), clang associations, grandiosity |
| Bipolar Nursing Recommendations | intervene with hyperactivity, use firm/calm approach, use short concise phrases, be neutral and consistent, redirect energy, low level of stimuli, structured solitary activities, frequent high cal finger snacks, observe for lithium tox, remind patients |
| Bipolar I vs Bipolar II | I- one episode of mania alternates with depression. psychosis may accompany manic II- hypomanic episodes alternate with alternate depression, psychosis not present, hypomania is euphoric/increases function, depression puts people at risk for suicide |
| Cyclothymia | hypomanic episodes alternate with minor depressive episodes (at least 2 years in duration), tend to have irritable hypomanic episodes |
| Meds for Rapid Cycling | lithium, valproate (depakote), carbamazepine |
| Lithium | Therapeutic levels 0.8-1.4, Toxic levels >1.5, SE: fine hand tremor, polyuria, mild thirst, mild nausea, general discomfort, weight gain; toxicity looks drunk; C/I in pts with CV disease, brain damage, renal disease, thyroid disease, or myasthenia gravis |
| Valproate (depakote) | monitor liver function and platelet count periodically |
| Schizophrenia (Prodromal Symptoms) | occur month to year before dx; represent clear decline in functioning. pt was socially awkward, lonely, depressed, expressed himself in vague/odd/unrealistic ways. complaints about anxiety, phobias, obsessions, dissociative features, and compulsions |
| Clanging | choice of words based on sounds rather than meaning, often have rhyming sounds or begin with same sounds |
| neologisms | made-up words |
| Associative looseness | no general connection in words or phrases, thoughts are illogical and difficult to follow |
| ideas of reference | giving personal significance to trivial events, perceiving events as relating to you even though they don't |
| paranoia | state characterized by the presence of intense and strongly defended irrational suspicions, cannot be corrected by experience or modified by facts or reality |
| Hallucinations | perceiving a sensory experience for which no external stimulus exists; auditory (hearing), Visual (seeing), olfactory (smelling), gustatory (taste), tactile (feeling). |
| Command Hallucinations | prompt person to take action |
| Waxy flexibility | you move the person's arm and they leave it there, believing it is stuck |
| echopraxia | mimicking of another's movements |
| conventional antipsychotics (thorazine, mellaril, loxitane, moban, trilafon, trifluoperazine, navane, prolixin, haldol, orap) | affect primarily the positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
| Atypical Antipsychotics (Abilify, clozaril, zyprexa, invega, seroquel, risperdal, geodon) | affect primarily the negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
| Dystonia | abnormal muscle tonicity resulting in impaired voluntary movement. occurs in antipsychotics as muscle spasms of face, head, neck, and back |
| tardive dyskinesia | a serious and irreversible side effect of the phenothiazines and related drugs, consists of involuntary muscle spasms typically involving the tongue, fingers, toes, neck, trunk, or pelvis |
| akathisia | regular rhythmic movements, usually of the lower limbs, constant pacing may also be seen, often noticed in ppl taking antipsychotics |
| neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) | rare and sometimes fatal reactino to high-potency neuroleptic drugs. symptoms include muscle rigidity, fever, elevated WBC count |
| agranulocytosis | occurs with conventional antipsychotics, symptoms include sore thraot, fever, malaise, and mouth sores |
Created by:
rwrigh17
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