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Med micro exam2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Staphylococcus aureus | gram positive cocci in clusters,non-motile, facultative anaerobes, halophilic, catalase+, coagulase+, kinase, exfoliative toxins A and B, enterotoxin,TSST-1 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | SSSS, Folliculitis, Furunculosis, Carbunculosis, food poisoning, enterocolitis,Toxic shock syndrome,pneumonia, septic arthritis |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Gram-positive cocci in chains, Group A, capsule, M protein, SpeA, SpeB, SpeC, SpeF, Sptreptolysin S, Streptolysin O, Streptokinase A and B, streptolysin O, streptokinase A&B, Dnase |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | pharyngitis("strep throat"), scarlet fever, Pydoderma(impetigo), erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, TSS, Puerperal sepsis, pheumatic fever, accute glomerulonephritis |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | group B strep, mothers and newborns and related infections. UTI for adults, septicema, meningitis, pneumonia in newborns |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Gram-positive cocci in pairs, "lancets", facultative anaerobes, grow best in 5% CO2 atomosphere, alpha hemolitic,catalase negative |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | IgA protease,Pnumolysin, autolysin, neuraminidase enzymes, Hyaluronidase, phosphocholine, hydroge peroxide, pneumonia, sinustitis, meningitis |
| Viridans group Streptococcus | 30-40% of subacute bacterial endocarditis cases, usually leading to a sustained bacteremia |
| Streptococcus bovis | Group D strep, strong correlations with colon carcinoma |
| Enterococcus | Gram positive cocci in pairs, short chains, grow in high concentration of salts(bile salts) antimicrobial resistance is main danger, most common cause of nosocomial infection from long term hospitalization |
| Bacillus anthracis | Gram-positive rods, polypeptide capsule, endospores, pX01gene(protective antigen, edema factor, lethal factor),pX02(polypeptide capsule) |
| PA+EF= | edema toxin, causes edema, cellular necrosis (Bacillus anthracis) |
| PA+LF= | lethal toxin, causes cellular necrosis(cell death) (Bacillus anthracis) |
| 3 types of anthrax | cutaneous, gastrointestinal, inhalation |
| Which type of anthrax is deadliest? | inhalation |
| Bacillus cereus | Gram positive rods, chaining, endospores, foodborne illness, ocular infections, Heat-stable toxin(emetic intoxication), heat-labile toxin(diarrheal infection) |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Gram-positive "club" shape, "palisades""chinese letters", AB exotoxin encoded by tox gene which inhibits host cell protein synthesis leading to cell death |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | exudative pharingitis leading to pseudomembrane formation, "bull neck", lymphocytosis |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Gram positive rods, tumbling motility, growth in cold temperatures, cell-to-cell invasion(ActA) from being "pushed" from one cell into adjacent cells by host cell actin, illness comes from contaminated unpasteurized food |
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae | gram-positive rods, pleomorphic, erysipeloid, "fish handler's disease", localized skin infection |
| Which organism cause erysipeloid? | Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Suppuration is uncommon |
| Which organism cause eryspelas? | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Nocardia | gram-positive rods, branching,strict aerobe, mycolic acids in the cell wall(acid fast), waxy, white sometimes pigmentied orange colonies, look similar to hyphae,cord factor prevents fusion of phagosome/lysosome |
| Nocardia brasiliensis | repiratory disease(bronchopulmonary), especially dangerous in immunocompromised individuals, cutaneous diseases(actinomycetoma),"weeping", fungus like presentation |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | gram-positive rods, strict aerobes, acid-fast, mycolic acids in cell wall, slow growth, catalase+, prevents fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes,granuloma("tubercle")in lungs -> prevents the spread of bacteria, Tuberculosis |
| Mycobacterium leprae | gram-positive rods, strict aerobe, catalase+, cannot be cultured in the lab, leprosy |
| list characteristics of all Enterobacteriaeae share | Ferment glucose, reduce nitrate, catalase positive, oxidase negative, endotixin(LPS), capsule |
| Which antigen is H? | Flagella antigen |
| Which antigen is O? | somatic antigen |
| which antigen is K? | capsule antigen |
| Enterotoxigenic E.coli | gram-negative rods, cause disease in small intestine, adhesins(CFA I,II,III), fimbrae, Exotixins(heat-labile, heat-stable), Traveler's diarrhea |
| Enteropathogenic E.coli | Gram-negative rods, Bundle forming Pili(BFP) for aggregation and destruct small intestinal epithelium, intimin for stronger attachment |
| Eneroaggregative E.coli | gram-negative rods, aggregative adherence fimbriae I for attachment, "stacked brick", biofilm, Enteroaggregative heat stable toxin, plasmid encoded toxin, growth retardation in children, Traveler's diarrhea |
| Enterohemorrhagic E.coli | Gram-negative rods, Bundle forming pili, intimin, destruction of epithelial cells, Shiga-like toxin stope protein production and cause hemolytic uremic syndrome, acute renal failure, most common form of diarrheic E.coli infection in the US |
| Which type of E.coli cause diarrhea with severe abdominal pain? | Enterohemorrhagic E.coli |
| What kind of treatment should be avoided for enterohemorrhagic E.coli? | antimaicrobaials treatment. Supportive treatment only. |
| Enteroinvasive E.coli | gram-positive rods, rare in developing countries, closely related to Shigella, only type that actually invades intestinal epithelium,mimics bacillary dysentery(shigellosis) |
| What other diseases E.coli cause? | UTI, neonatal meningitis, septicemia |
| Salmonella enteria | Gram-negative rods, Bundle forming pili, intimin, destruction of epithelial cells, Pathogenicity island I,II, invation of small intestine, resistant to phagocytosis, Gastroentritis, Enteric fever, asymptomatic colonization |
| Which serover causes typhoid fever? | Salmonella Typhi |
| Shigella dysenteriae | Gram-negative rods, facultative anaerobes, Shiga toxin stops protein production and cause damage to glomerular endothelial cells(HUS), Shigellosis(bacillary dysentery) |
| Bloody diarrhea, pus, dead tissue | Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) |
| List 4 species of Shigella | S.dysenteriae, S.sonnei, S.boydii, S. flexneri |
| Yersinia Pestis | Gram-negative rods, facultative anaerobe, zoonotic, antiphagocytic, degrades fibrin clots, "black death" |
| List three types of plague | Bubonic plague, Pheumonic plague, Septicemic plague |
| plague which is caused by flea bites, buboes in gorin and axillae | bubonic plague |
| plague which is spread by infectious droplets such as coughing | pneumonic plague |
| plague which is progressive disease form bubonic, pneumonic forms | septicemic plague |
| Yersinia enterocolitisa | gram-negative rods, can cause problem in blood transfusion(bacteria grow well at 4C), Enterocolitis, pseudoappendicitis |
| Klebsiella | gram-negative rods, prominent capsule(mucoid appearance in culture), pneumonia, UTI, blood-inged sputum |
| Proteus | gram-negative rods, "swarming motility", production of urease, UTI |
| Neisseria | gram-negative, diplococcus, aerobic, oxidation of carbohydrates, porin proteins, opa protein, rmp protein, bound transferrin to obtain iron, lipooligosaccharide |
| Neisseria gonorrheae | gram-negative, diplococcus, sexual transmitted disease, urethal infectiion, ophthalmia neonatorum |
| What is opthalmia neonatorum? | eye infection of newborns, infection caused when newborn passes through the birth canal of infected mother. |
| Which bacteria cause opthalmia neonatorum? | Neisseria gonorrheae |
| Neisseria meningitides | gram-negative, diplococcus, leading cause of bacterial meningitis, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome |
| how Neisseria gonorrhoeae enter the host body? | attacch to mucosal cells, penetrate into cells and multiply, pass through into the subepithelial space, LOS stimulates release of TNF-alpha |
| When Neisseria meningitidis causes infection? | when host does not have antibodies against capsular antigens. When host is infants around 6 month old. |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | inflammation of the peritoneal membrane surrounding the liver(Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome), Ophthalmia neonatorum |
| Neiseria meningitidis | Meningococcemia, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome), pneumonia, arthritis, urethritis |
| Vibrio | gram-negative curved rods, "Comma-shaped", polar flagella, grow increased salt concentration, O antigen, cholera toxin |
| Vibrio cholera | gram-negative rods, "comma shaped", cholera toxin, A-B toxin, zonula occludens toxin, accessory cholera enterotixin, neuaminidase, can grow without salt concentration, O1 serotype caused major pandemic. |
| Cholera toxin | this leads to increase of cellular cAMP, which subsequently causes the body to expel chloride ions and massive amounts of water, leading to the characteristic diarrhea, rice-water diarrhea |
| Vibrio vulnificus | Septicemia following ingestion of contaminated raw shelfish. wound infection-direct exposure to contaminated sea water |
| Campylobacter jejuni | gram-negative rods, curved, comma-shaped, "gulf wings", helical,motile(polar flagella), microaerophilic, grows best at 42C, cytotoxins, enterotoxins, endotoxin, most common cause of gastroenteritis in US, Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| Helicobacter pylori | Gram-negative rods, spiral, curved, motile(polar flagella), produce large amount of urease,mucinase, phospholipases, cacuolating cytotoxinA, gastritis, stomach ulcers, increase risk of gastric cancer |
| Psudomonas aeruginosa | gram-negative rods, metallic sheen in culture, odor of grapes, possess cytochrome oxidase, flagella, pili, LPS,alginate, exotoxin, pyocyanin, pyoverdin |
| what is alginate? | capsule of pseudomonas aeruginosa, antiphagocytic, adhesion in patients with cyctic fibrosis |
| what is pyocyanin? | blue pigment, catalyzed production of catalase in pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| what is pyoverdin? | yello-green pigment, regurates secretion of exotoxins in psudomonas aeruginosa |
| what organism is commonly found in cystic fibrosis patients as mucoid form of bacteria? | pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | common infection in burn patients, "hot tub folliculitis", "swimmer's ear", ecthyma gangrenosum |
| how pseudomonas aeruginosa inter in host body? | LasA LasB degrade elastin, cause damage tissues. Degrade complement components and inhibit neutrophils. |
| Haemophilus influenzae | gram-negative rod, pleomorphic, X factor(hemin) and/or V factor(NAD)to grow,common upper repiratory normal flora, encapsulated(PRP), pili, LPS, meningitis(before vaccine was created, this as the most common cause of pediatric meningitis) |
| Haemophilus aegyptius | "pink eye" |
| haemophilus ducreyi | chancroid |
| Bordetella pertussis | gram-negative coccobacillus, strictly aerobic, requires special growth media to absorb toxic substances(charcoal), whooping cough |
| which organism cause actinomycetoma? | Nocardia braslliensis |
| list two bacteria have mycolic acid in their cell wall? | Nocardia, Mycobacterium |
| List two stage of Pertussis(whooping cough) | Catarrhal stage: symptoms similar to common cold, Paroxysmal stage: paroxysms with characteristic inspiratoy"whoop", lymphocytosis during this stage, Convalescent phase:decrease in number of paroxysms, recovery |
| Francisella tularensis | Gram-negative coccobacillus, strict aerobe, requires cysteine for growth in culture, polysaccharide-rich capsule, National Select Agent Registry, "rabbit fever" |
| List 3 types of tularemia | Ulcerglandular tularemia(rabbit fever), Oculoglandular tularemia, Pneumonic tularemia |
| Brucella melitensis | gram-negative small coccobacilli, non-encapsulated, strict aerobes, smooth or rough form, granuloma formation, select agent, brucellosis("undulant fever") |
| Legionella pneumophila | gram-negative plemorphs, aerobic, require L-cysteine and iron, and to absorb toxic waste it require charcoal, chemokines and cytokines, Pontiac fever, no pneumonia, legionnaries disease |
| Treponema pallidum | Gram-negative spirochete, microaerophilic or anaerobic, extremely sensitive to oxygen, not culture in the lab, hemolysins, hyaluronidase, syphilis |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | Gram-negative spirochete, microaerophilic or anaerobic, extremely sensitive to oxygen, Lime disease, transmitted by ticks, target rush |
| Borrelia recurrentis | gram-negative, spirochete, microaerobic or anerobic, tranmitted by body lice, relapsing fever (abrupt onset of shaking chills, fever, headache)recurrent fever |
| Leptospira interrogans | gram-negative, spirochete, microaerobic or anerobic, leptospirosis, Weil sydrome(disease progession to kidney and liver failure) |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | smallest free-living bacteria, no cell wall, cell wall contains sterols like eukaryotes, strict aerobe, "walking pneumonia" |
| rickettsia rickettsii | gram-negative small rods, tick vector, rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| Rickettsia prowazekii | gram-negative small rods, Epidemic typhus, body louse vector, |
| Rickettsia Typhi | gram-negative small rods, endemic typhus, tick vector |
| What is the difference between epidemic and endemic? | Epidemic means the condition that people are forced to be in one place unsanitary conditions, Endemic means "always there". |
| Ehrlichia chaffeensis | Obligate intracellular bacteria, tick vector, Human monocytic ehrlichiosis(infects monocytes) |
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum | Oblivative intracellular bacteria, tick veictor, human anaplasmosis, infects granulocytes |
| coxiella burnetii | Obligate intracelluar bacteria, tick borne(tick->livestock->dried feces->human), Q fever |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | Obligate intracellular bacteria, two forms: elementary bodies(infectious), reticulate bodies(non-infectious, replicative), Trachoma, urogenitial infection, lymphogranuloma venereum |
| Chlamydophila psittaci | Obligate intracelullar bacteria, parrot fever |
| what two oraganisms grow at 4C? | Listeria, Yersinia enterocolitica |
| micrococcus | normal skin flora, gram+ cocci in clusters, tetrads, bright yellow colonies catalase positive |
| What are the specific characteristics of Staphylococcus in whole? | Gram+ cocci in clusters, non-motile, facultative anaerobes, halophilic, capsule, virulence factors:PBP, catalase, staphylokinase |
| What are the specific characteristics of streptococcus in whole? | Gram+ cocci in chains, non-motile, facultative anaerobes but grow best in 5% CO2, Lancefield group classification, |
| For which hemolytic group Lansfield grouping is used? | beta hemolytic group |
| what is the real name of "whooping cough"? | Pertussis |
| what is the real disease name of "rabbit fever"? | Ulceroglandular tularemia |
| What is the organism which are listed in national select agent registry and cause rabbit fever? | Francisella tularensis |
| what is the real disease name of "undulant fever"? | Brucellosis |
| What is the real disease name of "parrot fever"? | Psittacosis |
Created by:
hiroko lucky
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