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Chap 5 Science

The Movement of Ocean Water

QuestionAnswer
In which direction do global winds blow ocean currents near the equator? East to West
___________ transport many times more water than all the rivers in the world. Surface currents
3. Where does an undertow take sand and other particles from the shore? Back to sea
4. What are the two main parts of a wave? crest and trough
5. Which type of currents carries warm water away the equator? Warm water currents, e.g. Surface Currents like Gulf Stream
6. As water gets denser, how does it move? slower
7. What process increases the salinity of ocean water? freezing and evaporation
8. When does the density of ocean water increase? Decreasing temperatures and increase salinity
9. What does a surface current do when it deflects? It changes direction, e.g. meeting continent
10. What direction does currents in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres turn? Northern Hemisphere, clockwise Southern Hemisphere, counter clockwise
11. The curved paths of global winds and surface currents are caused by what? Coriolis effect
12. Name two examples of surface currents. Gulf Stream and Brazil Current
13. Why does the British Isles have mild climate? The Gulf Stream flows to the British Isles.
14. When do deep currents form? When salinity increase
15. In what direction do undertows flow? Head on waves flow toward the beach. The undertow pull objects OUT to sea.
16. Why is it important for scientists to learn as much as possible about El Nino? Because of its effect on organisms and land.
17. What are some of negative effects of El Nino? Alters weather patterns to cause disasters. Flash floods and mudslides in areas that usually receive little rain Areas that usually have lots of rain, experience drought
18. Why is upwelling important? Extremely important to organisms. The nutrients brought to the surface of the ocean support growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton which support other organisms like fish and seabirds.
19. How do warm water currents and cold water currents affect the coastal areas along which they flow? In coastal areas, the currents of the ocean warm or cool it, depending on nature of current that flows the land. If arm current flows along the coast, that coastal area will be warmer than if it were landlocked. Cool currents cause coastal lands=cooler
20. How are surface currents and deep currents different? Surface currents depend on temperature and wind which is in the atmosphere but deep water currents do not as it occurs under water.
21. Which surface current is deflected by the continent of South America? Brazil Current
22 When trying to roll a ball across a turning merry-go-around is demonstration of what happens in the ___________. Coriolis effect
23. What are the factors that control surface currents? Global winds, the Coriolis effect, and continental deflections.
24. Explain how temperature and salinity affect the formation of deep currents. Deep currents form where the density of ocean water increases. Water density depends on temperature and salinity. Both decreasing the temperature of water and increasing the water's salinity increase the water's density.
25. Why might the climate in Scotland be relatively mild even though the country is located at a high altitude? It might be relatively mild because the Gulf Stream carries warm water from the tropics to the North Atlantic Ocean, so the Gulf Stream might flow near it.
Created by: MGHR
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