Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 10 - Pharm
Analgesics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nonopioid used for mild to moderate pain relief | Acetaminophen (Tylenol) |
| Patient's with an intolerance to tartrazine (yellow dye #5), alcohol, sugar, or saccharin should avoid this type medication for pain relief | Acetaminophen (Tylenol) |
| Miscellaneous analgesic to treat moderate to moderate-severe pain because it is rapidly absorbed and not affected by food | Tramadol hydrochloride (Ultram) |
| Ultram is know to cause these, which is why they are contraindicated in patient's with a history or who are taking tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, MAOIs, & neuroleptics | Tramadol hydrochloride (Ultram) |
| Ultram is metabolized by the liver and eliminated through the kidneys, so they should not be used in a patient with history of | renal / liver dysfunctions |
| codeine sulfate (D), fentanyl citrate (Duragesic), meperidine HCl(Demerol), methadone HCl (Dolophine), morphine sulfate(Duramorph,Roxanol), morphine sulfate continuous release (MS Contin), oxycodone continuous release (OxyContin) are all examples of | Opioid Analgesics |
| naloxone HCl (Narcan) | Opioid Antagonists |
| Percocet & Vicodin are examples of | Opioid combination analgesics (w/acetaminophen) |
| butorphanol (Stadol), nalbuphine (Nubain), pentaxocine (Talwin) are all examples of | Partial Agonist |
| Opioids used for short-term postoperative or obstetric pain are | Partial Agonist |
| Drugs that relieve pain without loss of consciousness | Analgesics |
| Most common analgesics used is | NSAIDs |
| The level of a stimulus that results in the perception of pain. | Pain Threshold |
| The amount of pain a patient can endure without its interfering with normal functions. | Pain Tolerance |
| Factors that can decrease pain tolerance are | anger, anxiety, depression, discomfort, fear, isolation, chronic pain, sleepiness |
| Factors that can increase pain tolerance are | diversion, empathy, rest, sympathy, medications such as analgesics, antianxiety, & antidepressants |
| Sudden pain that usually subsides with treatment is classified as | Acute |
| Persistant recurring pain that usually lasts for longer than 6 weeks is | Chronic |
| Pain of the skeletal muscle, ligament, and joint pain usually treated with a Nonopioid | Somatic Pain |
| Pain in organ and smooth muscles that is normally treated by an opioid | Visceral |
| Pain of the skin and mucous membranes usually treated by opioids | Superficial Pain |
| Pain that originates from some pathology of the vascular or perivascular tissue and thought to account for a large percentage of migraine headaches is | Vascular Pain |
| Pain sensed by a client in a body part that is no longer present is known as | Phanton Pain |
| Pain that originates from psychologic factors and not physical conditions is known as | Pschogenic Pain |
| Acute and/or chronic pain that stems from various causes such as nerve pressure, organs, tissues, hypoxia, blockages, metastasis is known as | Cancer Pain |
| Pain that ocurs with tumors, trauma, or inflammation of the brain andy may accompany any condition that causes CNS damage, such as cancer, diabetes, stroke or multiple sclerosis is known as | Central Pain |
| Most common analogy used to describe how impulses from damaged tissue is sensed in the brain is | Gate Theory |
| The gate theory transmission of pain begins with tissue injury which causes the release of | Bradykinin, Histamine, Potassium, Prostaglandins, Serotonin |
| What are the two types of nerve endings used for stimulation | A Fibers (Close Gate) and C Fibers (Opens Gate) |
| What are the body's own natural pain fighters | Enkephalins & Endorphins |
| Enkephalins & Endorphins bind to opioid receptors and inhibit and cause the gate to | close (reducing the pain) |
| When a pain drug no longer controls pain but has been dosed at the highest safest dosage this is known as | Analgesic Ceiling Effect |
| Strong pain relievers are known as | Narcotics |
| Mechanisms of action for Opioid Analgesics are | Agonist, Partial agonist, and antagonist |
| Opiod that binds to a pain receptor and reduces pain | Agonist |
| Opioid anaglesic that binds to a pain receptor and causes a weaker neurologic response than that of an agonist is known as | Partial Agonist (mixed agonist) |
| Opioid analgesic taht reverses the effect of drugs on pain receptors by binding to a pain recptor and exerting no response is known as | Antagonist (competitive antagonists) |
| Indications of Opioid Analgesics | Cough, diarrhea, balanced anesthesia |
| Contraindications for Opioid Analgesics | Known drug allergy, asthma, respiratory insufficiency, inctracranial pressure, pregnancy |
| Adverse Effects of Opioid Analgesics | Euphoria (hallucinations) CNS depression (respiratory), N/V, urinary retention, Diaphoresis & flushing, Miosis (pupil constriction), constipation, itching |
| Adaption of the body to the presence of an opioid, ususally from chronic use is known as | Physical Dependence |
| Patterns of compulsive drug use characterized by a continued craving for it is known as | Psychologic Dependence |
| Signs & symptoms of Opioid withdrawal/Opioid abstinence syndrom are | anxiety, irritability, chills & hot flashes, joint pain, lacrimation (tears), rhinorrhea (runny nose), diaphoresis,N/V/D, abdominal cramps, confusion |
| Indications for Non-Opioids (aceteminophen-Tylenol) are | mild to moderate pain, fever, and as an alternative for those who can't take aspirin |
| Overdose of aceteminophen (Tylenol) can be toxic and cause | irreversible hepatic necrosis |
| Recommended antidote for an overdose of acetaminophen (Tylenol) is | acetylcysteine regimen |
| Recommend maximum daily dose for average healthy adult for acetaminophen (Tylenol) is | 4000 mg per day |
| Interactions for Nonopioids (acetaminophen - Tylenol) are | alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, phenothiazine, and other CNS depressants which result in aditive respiratory depressant effects, MAOIs result in respiratory depression & hypotension |
| Nursing Implications for Opioid Analgesics | Check history & allergies, gather baseline VS and I&O, and possible contraindications and interactions, withold meds respiratory rate <12 breaths/minutes or systolic BP <90, administer with food to decrease N/V, institute safety precautions |
Created by:
LILES
Popular Nursing sets