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Micro Tortora '12
Fungi and Algae
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| obtain their nutrients from dead organic matter | saprophytes |
| majority are saprophytes; important in recycling chemical elements; ALL are eukaryotes; most are either aerobic or facultatively anaerobic; most are harmless to man and only a few can cause disease INCLUDES: yeasts, molds, fleshy_____ (mushrooms,puffball | Fungi |
| unicellular organisms that reproduce by budding; facultative anaerobes; some produce pseudohyphae; access to O2 as final electron acceptor=CO2 & H2O; denied O2 will rely on fermentation=ethanol & CO2 | Yeasts |
| multicellular and filamentous fungi; most are aerobic and grow on surfaces | Molds |
| mushrooms, puffballs, etc. | Fleshy fungi |
| long filaments of fungal cells joined together; types: septate (has crosswalls) and non-septate (no crosswalls) | Hyphae |
| the study of fungi | Mycology |
| a mass of hyphae that have grown and intertwined and formed a visible growth | Mycelium |
| can grow as either a mold or as a yeast; dependent upon temperature or CO2 concentration grow as a mold in the lab(25 degrees C) or yeast inside the body (37 degrees C) | Dimorphic fungi |
| "false hyphae" - buds of yeast that fail to detach and form a short chain of cells | Pseudohyphae |
| forms pseudohyphae and causes yeast infections in the vagina(vaginitis),oral thrush (painful and newborns get it), and systemic disease - antibiotics mess w/ normal flora and gives opport. for fungus to move in (Tx: anti-fungal cream-Nistatin) | Candida albicans |
| thrives in pigeon droppings and bat guano-when inhaled people(especially immunodeficient individuals) can become infected- can grow in spinal fluid of immunocompromised patients | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| reproducing budding yeast that form smooth colonies, similar to those of bacteria - they stay put unlike fungal spores | Saccharomyces cerevisia (baker's yeast) |
| generally adapted to environments hostile to bacteria: acidic, low moisture, require less nitrogen for growth, can use unusual food sources (i.e., wood, hair, leather, painted walls, etc) | Fungi |
| yeast with septate hyphae in human tissue but like a mold in bread | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| Fungal infections deep within the patient and may spread to any tissue. Usually follows inhalation from spores in the soil and spreads from lungs - NOT contagious from animal to human or human to human | Systemic mycoses |
| dimorphic systemic fungal pathogen which is found naturally in the soil of the "Lower Sonoran Life Zone"-can cause systemic mycosis (perfect Bioweapon) | Coccidioides immitis |
| flu-like disease with chest pain, coughing, fever, weight loss, and weakness after inhalation of barrel-shaped arthroconidia from fractured hyphae in soil. Endospore-containing spherules form in infected human tissues<1 develop progresive systemic disease | San Joaquin Valley Fever |
| nephrotoxic drug used to treat systemic disease in the past but damaged kidneys with every dose-race to kill disease before completely destroys kidneys | Amphotericin-B |
| less toxic drugs useful alternatives to Amphotericin-B | Ketoconazole & Itraconazole |
| fungal infections beneath the skin and infection usually follows traumatic implantation of spores by saprophytic fungi that live in the soil or on vegetation- | Subcutaneous mycoses |
| dimorphic fungus found on vegetation and acquired by traumatic implantation-(mold on vegetation; yeast-like in humans) Sphagnum moss and roses are usually contaminated with this fungus | Sporothrix schenckii |
| disease that spreads deep under skin via the lymphatic system - treated with potassium iodide (KI)usually associated with alcoholics (doesn't cause much pain, no fever, lymph nodes swell and rupture but feel fairly fine other words) | Sporotrichosis ("Alcoholic Rose Gardener's Syndrome") |
| fungal infections that only infect the epidermis, hair, and nails - fungi responsible referred to as "dermatophytes" and cause diseases known as "tineas" (ringworms) | Cutaneous mycoses |
| ringworm of the scalp | Tinea capitis |
| ringworm of the groin/crotch (jock itch) | Tinea cruris |
| ringworm of the feet (Athlete's foot) | Tinea pedis |
| ringworm of the toenail | Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) |
| fungal infections of the outermost layer (dead layers) of skin and hair - usually not associated with inflammation it's more cosmetic- pigment change (may be Tx with Selsen Blue shampoo) | Superficial mycoses |
| most common fungal diseases of man and may be localized or systemic depending upon the health and immunity of the host. | Opportunistic mycoses |
| common life-threatening cause of pneumonia in AIDS patients | Pneumocystis jiroveci |
| a combination of green alga (cyanobacterium) and a fungus -live in a "mutualistic" relationship which each benefits, found on trees, rocks, roofs, and in the soil -important in stabilizing the soil in dry arid lands (cryptogamic/crytobiotic crust) | Lichens |
| mostly aquatic, need energy from the sun, carbon from carbon dioxide (CO2), and release oxygen (photosynthetic)- it's eaten by other creatures and provides 80% of earth's photosynthesis | Algae |
| algae that can create a toxic "red tide" when they grow in large numbers- the neurotoxin they produce is concentrated in mollusks (so shellfish should not be harvested or eaten during blooming season)- No cure! | Dinoflagellates |
| marine algae | Diatoms |
| brown algae | Kelp |
| source of agar | Red algae |
| cyanobacterium (algae closest to the surface of the ocean) | Green algae |
Created by:
hollieritter
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