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Biology Midterm
Biology chap 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is binomial nomenclature? | naming system, two names, scientific name |
| Why is Latin used for naming organisms? | Latin is a dead language and cannot be changed |
| What types of problems would exist if simply using common names in the English language? | English language is changing, different people use the same words for different meanings |
| What is the purpose of a scientific name? | specific name; identifices genus and species |
| What rules need to be followed when writing a scientific name? | A two part name- genus, species; Genus is capitalized, species is lower case; in italics or underlined |
| What are the 7 levels of classification? | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family genus, species |
| What is meant by "taxa"? | study of classification based on natural relationships |
| What are 3 different techniques used to classify organisms? | physical appearance, location, DNA, chromosomes |
| What is the purpose of a phylogenic tree? | to organize characteristics between organisms and objects, based on or related to evolution |
| Why is the 6 kingdom system still not a perfect set up for all living things? | because they added a 7th kindom; new traits; new kingdom - viruses |
| What characteristic separates the 2 bacteria kingdoms from all others? | prokaryotic |
| What does prokaryotic mean? | doesn't have a nucleus |
| Why are fungi not classified as animals? | non mobile, cell wall |
| why aren't fungi classified as plants? | they are not plants, they can not make their own food |
| What trait do plants and animals share that makes them different from the other kingdoms? | specialized tissue and organs |
| What main characteristics are used to determine which kingdom an organism belongs to? | if moveable; autotroph or heterotroph; cell wall; prokaryotic - eukaryotic; unicellular or multicellular |
| What is a heterotrophic organism? | an organism that doesn't make its own food |
| What are two characteristics of the kingdom Protista? | eukaryotic, some are mobile, "junk drawer" |
| How are cell walls of plants different from those of fungi? | plant cell walls are cellulose; fungi cell walls are varied composition -"chitin" |
| If you were making a classification key, how would you know how many steps to have? | one less than the number of objects you have |
| What are 3 different organisms from the class Reptilia? | lizards, snakes, armadillo |
| What are 2 animals from the phylum Crustacea? | crabs, crayfish |
| What are 6 animals from the class Mammalia? | dog, whale, cat, squirrel, giraffe, rhino |
| What are 2 organisms from the phylum Bivalve? | clams, oysters |
| What kingdoms express the trait of mobility? | Eubacteria, Protista, Animalia |
| What is an example of an organism from the class Chondrichthyes ? | sharks, skates, rays (cartlage fish) |
| How are the classes Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes different? | cartliage fish and bony fist |
| How are animals in the class Amphibia different from those in Reptilla? | Amphibia - bridge to land and water animals, Reptilia - land |
| What is an organism from the phylum Asteroidea | starfish, |
| When identifying an organism, the first traits are usually. | physical characteristic because they are general |
| Linnaeus grouped organisms together based on | structural similarities or differences |
| How is the biological classification hierarchy "taxa" set up? | broad to specific taxa, with each subcategory having characterisitcs of the one above it |
| Carolus Linnaeus' classification (taxa) system can have ___________ within each taxon | subdivisions - subphyla, subclass, suborder |
| Linnaeus developed a naming system that uses two names for every species, this is known as | binomial nomenclature |
| In binomial nomenclature each | species has 2 names |
| In binomial nomenclature the 1st name is the | genus |
| In binomial nomenclature the 2nd name is the | species (usually adjective) |
| The binomial name is also called a | scientific name |
| When using scienfific names, what part of the name can be abbreviated? | Genus (Felis domesticus = F. domesticus) |
| Modoern taxonomy is | study of classification based on natural relationships |
| Using classification techniwues what is morphological evidence? | similar structure, figure, features |
| Using Classification techniques what is geographical distribution? | location on Earth |
| Using Classification techniques what is chromosome comparisons | analyze karyotypes - for chromosome number and structure similarities |
| Using classification techniques what are biochemical techniques? | DNA sequences (comparing proteins, amino acids) |
| Taxonomists may use _______ | phylogeny - evolutionary history of a species |
| Using phylogeny a scientist would classify an organism based on | thei probably evolutionary history |
| What is a cladogram? | visual model of phylogeny |
| In a cladogram | the closer together organisms are, fewer differences suggesting a more recent common ancestor |
| Originally Linnaeus used a 2 kingdom system created by ____________ | Aristotle |
| Aristotle's 2 kingdom system consisted of........ | Plantae and Animalia |
| ___________ created a need for a third kingdome | microscopes |
| the thrid Kingdom, "discovered" using microscopes was ___________ | Protista |
| the kingdom Protista was discovered by | Ernst Haeckel, 1866 |
| The 4th and 5th kingdoms are | Fungai and Monera |
| the discovery of _______ added a sixth kingdom | DNA |
| Prokaryotic means | no nucleus |
| Monera are prokaryotic and include.... | Archaebacteria and Eubarcteria |
| Archaebacteria | prokaryotic, unicellular, cell wall, autotrophs or heterotrophs |
| Eubacteria (common bacteria) | prokaryotic, unicellular, cell wall - peptidoglycan, autotrophs or heterotrophs, some mobile |
| Eukaryotic means | nucleus; membrane bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes, elaborate systems of mitosis and meiosis; Characteristic of all life forms except bacteria, blue-green algae, and other primitive organisms |
| Protista ("junk drawer") | eukaryotic, unicellular - colonial - multicellular, some cell walls - varied composition, autotrophs or heterotrophs, some mobile |
| plantae | eukaryotic, multicellular with specialized tissues and organs, cell wall = cellulose, autotrophs (photosynthesis), non mobile |
| Animalia | eukaryotic, multicellular with specialized tissues and organs, no cell wall, heterotrophic, mobile |
| What is a dichotomus key? | used to help identify organisms, has numbered steps from general to more specific |
| Each step in a dichotomus key contains 2` | contradictory statements (only one can be true) |
Created by:
KPatrick
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