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Biology
Module VII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a group of cells that form a structural and functional unit | tissue |
| 2 types of tissues in plants? | simple. complex |
| how many types of tissues are in simple tissue? | only 1 |
| how many types of tissue are in complex tissues? | 2 or more |
| list 5 major organs of plants | roots,stems,leaves,flower parts,fruits |
| ? plant organ anchors plant, absorbs water and dissolved minerals? | roots |
| ? plant organ supports leaves and flowers | stems |
| ? plant organ photosynthesizes | leaves |
| ? plant organ is involved in sexual reproduction | flowers |
| ? plant organ is the mature,ripened ovaries that contain seeds | fruit |
| Name the 3 plant tissue systems. | ground,vascular,dermal |
| most of plant body is made of ___ tissue system | ground |
| T/F ground tissue system acts as a scaffolding or matrix for all other tissues. | true |
| functions of ground tissue | photosynthesis,storage,support |
| ? 3 simple tissues of ground system? | parenchyma, collenchyma, and |
| How are simple tissues of ground system distinguishes? | by the different structures of their cell walls |
| characteristics of cell wall in parenchyma cells. | thin primary cell wall |
| Function of parenchyma cells | storage of starch,oil,nectar...secretion....photosynthesis |
| characteristics of cell wall in collenchyma cells | cells walls are thicker in the corners of the cell |
| _____ cells are alive when mature. | collenchyma |
| ____ cells are unevenly distributed, often as long strands in roots,stems, and leaves. | collenchyma |
| characteristics of sclerenchyma cell walls | primary cell wall and a thick hard secondary cell wall is present |
| 2 types of sclerenchyma cells | fibers, sclerids |
| ____ tissue system forms a transportation system continuous through roots,stems, and leaves | vascular |
| 2 types of complex vascular tissues | xylem,phloem |
| xylem and phloem are part of which tissue system? | vascular |
| _____ is a ______ tissue that transports water. | xylem, complex |
| ____ is a ______ tissue that transports carbohydrates | phloem, complex |
| Which is unidirectional? xylem or phloem | xylem |
| T/F Phloem is bidirectional | true |
| List 4 cell types in xylem. | tracheids, vessel elements, parenchyma, fibers |
| ? direction does tracheids carry water? | upwards |
| T/F Vessel elements carry water upwards and sideways. | true |
| List 4 cell types in phloem. | sieve tube elements,companion cells,parenchyma cells,fibers |
| List 2 complex tissue in dermal tissue system. | epidermis, periderm |
| The epidermis consists mostly of ____ cells. | parenchyma |
| Epidermis contain guard cells known as ____ | trichomes |
| Where is epidermis located? | the surface of leaves, stems, and roots, and forms a protective outer covering |
| Epidermal cells secrete a waxy layer called a ____? | cuticle |
| _____ replaces epidermis in woody plants | Periderm |
| List 3 things periderm is mostly composed of. | cork cambium, cork cells, parenchyma cells |
| _____ is the waxy material that waterproof periderm cells. | suberin |
| T/F Cork cells are alive at functional maturity. | False, they are dead |
| _____ are specific areas of the plant body that contain groups of cells | meristems |
| 2 categories of meristems | apical, lateral |
| Where are apical meristems located? | tips of roots and the buds of stems |
| T/F Growth of apical meristem results in elongation and increases the diameter of | false, does not increase the diameter |
| _____ apical meristems are located at the tips of stems | shoot |
| _____ apical meristems are located at the tips of roots | root |
| _____ meristems produce the secondary growth of the plant body. | lateral |
| Where are lateral meristems located? | along the entire length of roots and stems, except for the tips (apices) of these structures |
| Most of the cells produced by the vascular cambium differentiate (mature) into ____ | wood |
| T/F Cork cambium is located outside the vascular cambium. | true |
| ____ _____ forms the outer bark (periderm) | cork cambium |
| Name the 4 types of vertebrate tissues. | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| ? forms the outside layer of an organ | epithelial tissue |
| ? tissue has one surface typically free and the other attached to the underlying tissue by a basement membrane | epithelial tissue |
| ? tissues fit together tightly to form a continuous layer, or sheet of cells | epithelial tissue |
| Name 4 functions of epithelial tissues. | protection, absorbtion, secretion, sensation |
| ? location of eopithelial tissue | covers body surfaces and lines body cavities |
| give examples of where epithelial tissue is found. | outer layer of skin, linings of digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive tracts |
| If epithelial tissue is one cell layer thick, it is said to be ________. | "simple" epithelium |
| If epithelial tissue is >1 cell layer, it is _________. | "stratified" epithelium |
| ? 3 types of cells found in epithelial tissue depending on the shape. | Squamous, cuboidal, columnar |
| ? shape are squamous cells | flat |
| ? shape are cuboidal cells | cube-shaped |
| ? shape are columnar cells | column like, cylindrical |
| The entire name of a single epithelium would include _____, _____, and _____. | cell shape, 1 or >1 cell layer, term "epithelium" |
| T/F: All connective tissues are composed of sparsely distributed cells embedded in a substance in which hey secrete. | true |
| ? does the intercellular substance of a CT contain? | tiny fibers made of protein, a thin polysaccharide gel (the matrix) |
| ? three major types of CT's. | cartilage, bone, blood |
| Where is cartilage found? | ub cavities in the intercellular substance |
| Cartilage cells are also called ______ | chrondrocytes |
| The cavities that cartilage and bone tissue are found is called _____. | lacunae |
| Do cartilage cells REDUCE or INCREASE friction | Reduce |
| Give examples of location of cartilage. | ends of some bones, tip of nose, joints, ear, larynx |
| T/F: One of the functions of cartilage is to provide flexible support | true |
| T/F: Cartilage does NOT play a role in the embryonic skeleton of vertebrates. | false |
| Do some adult vertebrates have cartilaginous skeletons? | Yes. |
| Give example of a vertebrate with a cartilaginous skeleton. | sharks, rays |
| Bone cells are also known as _____. | osteocytes |
| Where are bone cells located? | lacunae |
| Bone cells deposit various ______ which form the matrix. | calcium salts |
| Functions of Bone tissue: | support and protect internal organs, calcium reservoir, attachment site for skeletal muscle |
| T/F: Blood has a plasma that is a liquid matrix | true |
| RBCs are known as ____. | erthyrocytes |
| WBCs are known as _____. | leukocytes |
| ? function of blood. | transport gases, nutrients, waste, etc.... |
| ? location of blood tissue | heart and blood vessels |
| 3 types of muscle tissue. | cardiac, smooth, skeletal |
| function of cardiac muscle | involuntary contraction of heart propel blood throughout the body |
| location of cardiac muscle | walls of the heart (only location in the body) |
| function of smooth muscle | involuntary movement of internal organs; propulsion of substances |
| location of smooth muscle | forms the walls (NOT linings) of the digestive tract, uterus, blood vessels, and other tube-like internal organs |
| T/F: Smooth muscle is attached to bones. | false; is NOT attached to bones |
| function of skeletal muscle | under voluntary control to move bones |
| location of skeletal muscle | directly or indirectly attached to the skeleton |
| 2 types of specialized cells in nervous tissue | neurons, glial cells |
| funciton of neurons | conduct electrochemical nerve impulses |
| function of glial cells | support and nourish neurons |
| Neurons contains an enlarges cell body that contains the _____ and ____ & ____. | nucleus, dendrites & axons |
| dendrites and axons are types of _____ ______. | cytoplasmic extensions |
| Specialized structures that receive impulses and carry them towards the cell body | dendrites |
| ____ transmits electrochemical impulses away from the cell body | axon |
| An ____ can range in length from 1mm to 1m. | axon |
| Neurons interact and communicate between cells at junctions called ______. | synapses |
Created by:
gglewis7
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