Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MS 4
miscellaneous
| QUESTION | ANSWER |
|---|---|
| Potassium (ICF) - 3.5-5 mEq/L, is involved in cardiac activity & nerve transmission,what are s/s of HYPOKALEMIA? | Muscle weakness, Cardiac Dysrhythmias (U wave) |
| Potassium (ICF) - 3.5-5 mEq/L, is involved in cardiac activity & nerve transmission,what are s/s of HYPERKALEMIA? | Parethesia, ECG changes, Cardiac Arrest, Muscle paresis to paralysis |
| Potassium (ICF) - 3.5-5 mEq/L, is involved in cardiac activity & nerve transmission, management of HYPOKALEMIA? | Oral K, diet sources of Banana, Raisins, Dry fruits, Nuts, Celery, Potato skin / Never give IV push |
| HPOKALEMIA alert? | Never give IV push & monitor Cardiac activity for IV K |
| Potassium (ICF) - 3.5-5 mEq/L, is involved in cardiac activity & nerve transmission, management of HYPERKALEMIA? | Insulin – increase cellular reuptake / Calcium Gluconate – antagonize cardiac effect / Na Bicarbonate – reverse acidosis / Kayexalate – exchange resin / dialysis & diuretics |
| Sodium (ECF) – 135-145 mEq/L, is mainly for water balance, what are s/s of HYPONATREMIA? | N&V, Cramps, Elevated BP, Adventitious breath sounds |
| Sodium (ECF) – 135-145 mEq/L, is mainly for water balance, management of HYPONATREMIA? | LR or 0.9% NaCL / Water restriction / Dietary restriction of canned, processed foods / Monitor I&O - weight is the reliable indicator of fluid retention & elimination |
| Sodium (ECF) – 135-145 mEq/L, is mainly for water balance, what are s/s of HYPERNATREMIA? | Polyuria, Thirst, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Disorientation, Restlessness |
| Sodium (ECF) – 135-145 mEq/L, is mainly for water balance, management of HYPERNATREMIA? | Hypotonic solution (D5W) / Decrease Na diet & sources / Water replacement – reduce Na level not more than 2 mEq/L/hr for 1st 24 hrs / Weight monitoring |
| Calcium (99% in bone & teeth) – catalyst for nerve transmission & conduction, muscle contraction, promotes coagulation of blood & a neuromuscular depressant, what are s/s of HYPOCALCEMIA? | Tetany symptoms / Paresthesis – earliest / Trousseu & Chvostek signs / Laryngeal spasm / Dysrythmias |
| Calcium (99% in bone & teeth) – catalyst for nerve transmission & conduction, muscle contraction, promotes coagulation of blood & a neuromuscular depressant, management of HYPOCALCEMIA? | Calcium Gluconate / Slow IV – avoid hypotension, bradycardia, arrythmia / Diet – cheese, ice cream, milk, yogurt & Vit D to maximize absorption of oral sources with ORANGE JUICE |
| Calcium (99% in bone & teeth) – catalyst for nerve transmission & conduction, muscle contraction, promotes coagulation of blood & a neuromuscular depressant, what are s/s of HYPERCALCEMIA? | Decreased peristalsis / Dysrythmias / Cardiac arrest / Lethargy / Coma / Polyuria / Kidney stones – calcium is major component of renal calculi |
| Calcium (99% in bone & teeth) – catalyst for nerve transmission & conduction, muscle contraction, promotes coagulation of blood & a neuromuscular depressant, management of HYPERCALCEMIA? | IV NaCL / Lasix / Calcitonin – decrease Ca levels / Increase fluids / Restrict Calcium sources – mobilize calcium return to the bones |
| What inhibits Calcium absorption? | Phosphorus |
| Magnesium (ICF) – 1.5-3 mEq/L , trasmission & conduction of nerve impulses & muscle contraction, transport of Na & K across cell membrane, it is also a depressant, what are s/s of HYPOMAGNESEMIA? | Cardiac dysrythmia / Myocardial irritability / Neuromuscular changes / Anorexia / Depression / Tremors to tetany |
| Magnesium (ICF) – 1.5-3 mEq/L , trasmission & conduction of nerve impulses & muscle contraction, transport of Na & K across cell membrane, it is also a depressant, management of HYPOMAGNESEMIA? | Dietary sources – green veggies, cashew nuts, banana, oranges, chocolate / Mg Sulfate |
| Magnesium (ICF) – 1.5-3 mEq/L , trasmission & conduction of nerve impulses & muscle contraction, transport of Na & K across cell membrane, it is also a depressant, what are s/s of HYPERMAGNESEMIA? | CNS depression, Depressed cardiac impulse transmission, Absence of Deep Tendon Reflex, Paralysis |
| Magnesium (ICF) – 1.5-3 mEq/L , trasmission & conduction of nerve impulses & muscle contraction, transport of Na & K across cell membrane, it is also a depressant, management of HYPERMAGNESEMIA? | Diuretics – eliminates Mg but leads to loss of Calcium that intensify Hypermagnesemic state / Monitoring |
| Potassium (ICF) - 3.5-5 mEq/L, is involved in cardiac activity & nerve transmission,what are s/s of HYPOKALEMIA? | Muscle weakness, Cardiac Dysrhythmias (U wave) |
| Potassium (ICF) - 3.5-5 mEq/L, is involved in cardiac activity & nerve transmission,what are s/s of HYPERKALEMIA? | Parethesia, ECG changes, Cardiac Arrest, Muscle paresis to paralysis |
| Potassium (ICF) - 3.5-5 mEq/L, is involved in cardiac activity & nerve transmission, management of HYPOKALEMIA? | Oral K, diet sources of Banana, Raisins, Dry fruits, Nuts, Celery, Potato skin / Never give IV push |
| HPOKALEMIA alert? | Never give IV push & monitor Cardiac activity for IV K |
| Potassium (ICF) - 3.5-5 mEq/L, is involved in cardiac activity & nerve transmission, management of HYPERKALEMIA? | Insulin – increase cellular reuptake / Calcium Gluconate – antagonize cardiac effect / Na Bicarbonate – reverse acidosis / Kayexalate – exchange resin / dialysis & diuretics |
| Sodium (ECF) – 135-145 mEq/L, is mainly for water balance, what are s/s of HYPONATREMIA? | N&V, Cramps, Elevated BP, Adventitious breath sounds |
| Sodium (ECF) – 135-145 mEq/L, is mainly for water balance, management of HYPONATREMIA? | LR or 0.9% NaCL / Water restriction / Dietary restriction of canned, processed foods / Monitor I&O - weight is the reliable indicator of fluid retention & elimination |
| Sodium (ECF) – 135-145 mEq/L, is mainly for water balance, what are s/s of HYPERNATREMIA? | Polyuria, Thirst, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Disorientation, Restlessness |
| Sodium (ECF) – 135-145 mEq/L, is mainly for water balance, management of HYPERNATREMIA? | Hypotonic solution (D5W) / Decrease Na diet & sources / Water replacement – reduce Na level not more than 2 mEq/L/hr for 1st 24 hrs / Weight monitoring |
| Calcium (99% in bone & teeth) – catalyst for nerve transmission & conduction, muscle contraction, promotes coagulation of blood & a neuromuscular depressant, what are s/s of HYPOCALCEMIA? | Tetany symptoms / Paresthesis – earliest / Trousseu & Chvostek signs / Laryngeal spasm / Dysrythmias |
| Calcium (99% in bone & teeth) – catalyst for nerve transmission & conduction, muscle contraction, promotes coagulation of blood & a neuromuscular depressant, management of HYPOCALCEMIA? | Calcium Gluconate / Slow IV – avoid hypotension, bradycardia, arrythmia / Diet – cheese, ice cream, milk, yogurt & Vit D to maximize absorption of oral sources with ORANGE JUICE |
| Calcium (99% in bone & teeth) – catalyst for nerve transmission & conduction, muscle contraction, promotes coagulation of blood & a neuromuscular depressant, what are s/s of HYPERCALCEMIA? | Decreased peristalsis / Dysrythmias / Cardiac arrest / Lethargy / Coma / Polyuria / Kidney stones – calcium is major component of renal calculi |
| Calcium (99% in bone & teeth) – catalyst for nerve transmission & conduction, muscle contraction, promotes coagulation of blood & a neuromuscular depressant, management of HYPERCALCEMIA? | IV NaCL / Lasix / Calcitonin – decrease Ca levels / Increase fluids / Restrict Calcium sources – mobilize calcium return to the bones |
| What inhibits Calcium absorption? | Phosphorus |
| Magnesium (ICF) – 1.5-3 mEq/L , trasmission & conduction of nerve impulses & muscle contraction, transport of Na & K across cell membrane, it is also a depressant, what are s/s of HYPOMAGNESEMIA? | Cardiac dysrythmia / Myocardial irritability / Neuromuscular changes / Anorexia / Depression / Tremors to tetany |
| Magnesium (ICF) – 1.5-3 mEq/L , trasmission & conduction of nerve impulses & muscle contraction, transport of Na & K across cell membrane, it is also a depressant, management of HYPOMAGNESEMIA? | Dietary sources – green veggies, cashew nuts, banana, oranges, chocolate / Mg Sulfate |
| Magnesium (ICF) – 1.5-3 mEq/L , trasmission & conduction of nerve impulses & muscle contraction, transport of Na & K across cell membrane, it is also a depressant, what are s/s of HYPERMAGNESEMIA? | CNS depression, Depressed cardiac impulse transmission, Absence of Deep Tendon Reflex, Paralysis |
| Magnesium (ICF) – 1.5-3 mEq/L , trasmission & conduction of nerve impulses & muscle contraction, transport of Na & K across cell membrane, it is also a depressant, management of HYPERMAGNESEMIA? | Diuretics – eliminates Mg but leads to loss of Calcium that intensify Hypermagnesemic state / Monitoring |
| Specialized pathways for pain transmission exist through the free nerve endings in the periphery as pain receptors (nocireceptors) | Specificity Theory |
| Pain is perceived when the stimulus is intense enough | Pattern Theory |
| Small diameter nerve fibers carry pain through substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord whih relays pain to the brain | Gate Control Theory |
| Tachycardia, Diaphoresis, Guarding, Tachypnea, Focus on pain are sympathetic symptoms of what kind of pain? | Acute Pain – while the Chronic Pain does not have sympathetic symptoms |
| Originates in the skin or subcutaneous tissue | Cutaneous Pain |
| Arises from ligament, tendons, bones, blood vessels & nerves | Deep Somatic Pain |
| Results from stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity, cranium and thorax | Visceral Pain |
| Pain perceived at the source but extends to nearby tissues | Radiating Pain |
| Pain felt in a part of the body that is considerably removed from the tissues causing the pain | Referred Pain |
| Pain that is highly resistant to relief | Intractable Pain |
| Long lasting, unpleasant (burning, dull, aching) with episodes of sharp, shooting pain resulting from damage to peripheral or CNS | Neuropathic Pain |
| Pain perceived in a body that that is missing (amputated) or paralyzed | Phantom Pain |
| Non-Invasive Pain Intervention, focusing away from pain | Meditation |
| Non-Invasive Pain Intervention, relaxation & self suggestion away from pain | Autogenic Training |
| Non-Invasive Pain Intervention, systematic relaxation | Progressive Relaxation Technique |
| Non-Invasive Pain Intervention, pressure massage | Acupressure |
| Non-Invasive Pain Intervention, distraction away from pain | Guided Imagery |
| Non-Invasive Pain Intervention, providing information about bodily information | Biofeedback |
| Non-Invasive Pain Intervention, ranging from back rub to transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) | Cutaneous Stimulation |
| Non-Invasive Pain Intervention, use of suggestion and focused attention | Hypnosis |
| Invasive Pain Intervention, reduces swelling which causes pain & inhibits protaglandin | NSAID Invasive Pain Intervention, modify central reception of pain, obliterating pain threashold |
| To asses pain use P-Q-R-S-T | Precipitating/predisposing factors / Quality – crushing? Burning? / Region/Radiation – where is origin & how far it radiates / Severity – 1-10, how painful? / Timing – Recurrent? Persistent? Intermittent? |
| Angina Pectoris, correct? a)Relieved by Rest or Nitroglycerin b)Not relieved by Rest or Nitroglycerin | a)Relieved by Rest or Nitroglycerin |
| Angina Pectoris, correct? b)Lasts up to 20 mins to hrs b)1-3 mins upto 10mins | b)1-3 mins upto 10mins – it may lasts upto 15-20 mins |
| Angina Pectoris, s/s correct? a)Apnea & sweating b)Dyspnea & sweating | b)Dyspnea & sweating – N & V & Vomitting also |
| Angina Pectoris, correct? a)Secondary to coronary Atherosclerosis b)Leads to necrosis | a)Secondary to coronary Atherosclerosis |
| Angina Pectoris, precipitating factor correct? a)After heavy meals b)Hot temperature | a)After heavy meals – it will also appear in MI & exertion, emotional stress, exertion and may also occur at rest |
| To asses pain use P-Q-R-S-T | Precipitating/predisposing factors / Quality – crushing? Burning? / Region/Radiation – where is origin & how far it radiates / Severity – 1-10, how painful? / Timing – Recurrent? Persistent? Intermittent? |
| Angina Pectoris, correct? a)Relieved by Rest or Nitroglycerin b)Not relieved by Rest or Nitroglycerin | a)Relieved by Rest or Nitroglycerin |
| Angina Pectoris, correct? b)Lasts up to 20 mins to hrs b)1-3 mins upto 10mins | b)1-3 mins upto 10mins – it may lasts upto 15-20 mins |
| Angina Pectoris, s/s correct? a)Apnea & sweating b)Dyspnea & sweating | b)Dyspnea & sweating – N & V & Vomitting also |
| Angina Pectoris, correct? a)Secondary to coronary Atherosclerosis b)Leads to necrosis | a)Secondary to coronary Atherosclerosis |
| Angina Pectoris, precipitating factor correct? a)After heavy meals b)Hot temperature | a)After heavy meals – it will also appear in MI & exertion, emotional stress, exertion and may also occur at rest |
| Angina Pectoris, pain quality? | Squeezing, pressing, burning @ leftretrosternal or substernal radiating to arms & shoulder, lasts only 3-5 mins & relieved by nitroglycerin |
| Angina Pectoris, pain radiation? | Shoulder, arms, neck, lower jaw or upper abdomen slightly left |
| Angina Pectoris, pain severity? | Mild to moderate, rarely described as severe |
| Temporary myocardial ischemia (insufficient blood flow through the coronary arteries) where oxygen demand exceeds supply | Angina Pectoris |
| Coronary occlusion d/t thrombosis (clot) embolism (dislodged clot) or hemorrhage leading to localized area of necrosis | Myocardial Infarction |
| Angina Pectoris, pain quality? | Squeezing, pressing, burning @ leftretrosternal or substernal radiating to arms & shoulder, lasts only 3-5 mins & relieved by nitroglycerin |
| Angina Pectoris, pain radiation? | Shoulder, arms, neck, lower jaw or upper abdomen slightly left |
| Angina Pectoris, pain severity? | Mild to moderate, rarely described as severe |
| Temporary myocardial ischemia (insufficient blood flow through the coronary arteries) where oxygen demand exceeds supply | Angina Pectoris |
| Coronary occlusion d/t thrombosis (clot) embolism (dislodged clot) or hemorrhage leading to localized area of necrosis | Myocardial Infarction |
| Angina Pectoris, a type that follows an event and it has predictable severity | Stable |
| Angina Pectoris, a type that occurs at rest or minimal exertion with increasing severity | Unstable |
| Angina Pectoris, a type that is not by atheroscherotic plaque but by coronary spasm, occuring at rest usually in the cold morning | Prinzmetal (variant) |
| Angina Pectoris, pain relief? | Rest & Nitroglycerin or amyl nitrate |
| Myocardial Infarction, pain quality? | Severe, sudden in onset, crushing, heaviness & tightness (elephant is stepping on chest) |
| Myocardial Infarction, pain location? | Substernal area radiating to arms, jaw and neck |
| Myocardial Infarction, ECG changes? a)Elevated ST segment b)Elevated T wave | a)Elevated ST segment |
| Myocardial Infarction, ECG changes? a)Inverted Q wave b)Inverted T wave | b)Inverted T wave – Large Q wave |
| Myocardial Infarction, serum enzyme changes? | CKMB, LDH1 & LDH2 |
| Myocardial Infarction, what is increased? | WBC |
| Myocardial Infarction, pain relief? | Narcotic (Morphine, Demerol) / Humified O2 @ 2-4 L/min / Semi-Fowler's position |
| Myocardial Infarction, what to give to avoid straining? | Stool softeners |
| Myocardial Infarction, other drugs to give? | Antiarythmics (LEAN), Anti-coagulant (heparin) , Thrombolytics (streptokinase) |
| Myocardial Infarction, avoid sexual activity in F-U-S-H-I-A-E? | Fatigue / Unfamiliar partners / Stress / Heavy meals / Intake of Alcohol / Extreme temperature |
| Myocardial Infarction, sexual position? | Side lying or bottom position / best in mornings after meds |
| Myocardial Infarction, may resume activity after uncomplicated attack in? | 5-8 weeks after |
| What do you see in Left Side Heart Failure (C-H-O-P)? | Coughing & Dyspnea / Hemoptysis / Orthopnea / Pulmonary congestions |
| What do you see in Right Side Heart Failure (H-E-A-D)? | Hematomegaly / Edema / Ascites / Distended Neck Veins |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, which is d/t multifactorial etiology? | Primary Hypertension |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, which is d/t other identifiable cause? | Secondary Hypertension |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, drug to give? | Thiazide Diuretic (Diuril) – promotes renal excretion of Na, Water and K |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, drug to give? | Loop Diuretic (Lasix) – act on loop of henle to minimize Na & Water reabsorption |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, drug to give? | Potassium Sparing Diuretics (Aldactone, Spironolactone – blocks action of aldactone promoting excretion of Na and Water and retention of K |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Vasodilator drug to give? | Hydralazine (Apresoline) – has direct action on smooth muscles of arterioles causing dilation |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Beta Blocker drug to give ? | Propranolol – blocks beta receptors in the heart & peripheral vessels to reduce peripheral vascular resistance – s/e bradycardia, CHF, avoid in clients with bronchial asthma |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Alpha Adrenergic Inhibitor drug to give? | Prazosin (Minipress) – vasodilation occurs with decrease in peripheral vascular resistance – s/e Postural hypotention and syncope (1st dose) |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Cental Acting Adrenergic Inhibitors drug to give? | Clonidine (Catapres) – suppress CNS sympathetic outflow – s/e action potentiated by alcohol, sedative & digitalis |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Calcium Channel Blocking Agent drug to give? | Nifedipine (Procardia) , Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem – block entry of calcium into smooth muscle cells – Nifedipine has the most potent vasodilating effect |
| Angina Pectoris, a type that follows an event and it has predictable severity | Stable |
| Angina Pectoris, a type that occurs at rest or minimal exertion with increasing severity | Unstable |
| Angina Pectoris, a type that is not by atheroscherotic plaque but by coronary spasm, occuring at rest usually in the cold morning | Prinzmetal (variant) |
| Angina Pectoris, pain relief? | Rest & Nitroglycerin or amyl nitrate |
| Myocardial Infarction, pain quality? | Severe, sudden in onset, crushing, heaviness & tightness (elephant is stepping on chest) |
| Myocardial Infarction, pain location? | Substernal area radiating to arms, jaw and neck |
| Myocardial Infarction, ECG changes? a)Elevated ST segment b)Elevated T wave | a)Elevated ST segment |
| Myocardial Infarction, ECG changes? a)Inverted Q wave b)Inverted T wave | b)Inverted T wave – Large Q wave |
| Myocardial Infarction, serum enzyme changes? | CKMB, LDH1 & LDH2 |
| Myocardial Infarction, what is increased? | WBC |
| Myocardial Infarction, pain relief? | Narcotic (Morphine, Demerol) / Humified O2 @ 2-4 L/min / Semi-Fowler's position |
| Myocardial Infarction, what to give to avoid straining? | Stool softeners |
| Myocardial Infarction, other drugs to give? | Antiarythmics (LEAN), Anti-coagulant (heparin) , Thrombolytics (streptokinase) |
| Myocardial Infarction, avoid sexual activity in F-U-S-H-I-A-E? | Fatigue / Unfamiliar partners / Stress / Heavy meals / Intake of Alcohol / Extreme temperature |
| Myocardial Infarction, sexual position? | Side lying or bottom position / best in mornings after meds |
| Myocardial Infarction, may resume activity after uncomplicated attack in? | 5-8 weeks after |
| What do you see in Left Side Heart Failure (C-H-O-P)? | Coughing & Dyspnea / Hemoptysis / Orthopnea / Pulmonary congestions |
| What do you see in Right Side Heart Failure (H-E-A-D)? | Hematomegaly / Edema / Ascites / Distended Neck Veins |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, which is d/t multifactorial etiology? | Primary Hypertension |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, which is d/t other identifiable cause? | Secondary Hypertension |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, drug to give? | Thiazide Diuretic (Diuril) – promotes renal excretion of Na, Water and K |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, drug to give? | Loop Diuretic (Lasix) – act on loop of henle to minimize Na & Water reabsorption |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, drug to give? | Potassium Sparing Diuretics (Aldactone, Spironolactone – blocks action of aldactone promoting excretion of Na and Water and retention of K |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Vasodilator drug to give? | Hydralazine (Apresoline) – has direct action on smooth muscles of arterioles causing dilation |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Beta Blocker drug to give ? | Propranolol – blocks beta receptors in the heart & peripheral vessels to reduce peripheral vascular resistance – s/e bradycardia, CHF, avoid in clients with bronchial asthma |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Alpha Adrenergic Inhibitor drug to give? | Prazosin (Minipress) – vasodilation occurs with decrease in peripheral vascular resistance – s/e Postural hypotention and syncope (1st dose) |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Cental Acting Adrenergic Inhibitors drug to give? | Clonidine (Catapres) – suppress CNS sympathetic outflow – s/e action potentiated by alcohol, sedative & digitalis |
| Hypertension – BP above 140/90 mmHg, Calcium Channel Blocking Agent drug to give? | Nifedipine (Procardia) , Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem – block entry of calcium into smooth muscle cells – Nifedipine has the most potent vasodilating effect |
| Episodic muscular ischemia induced by activity, commonly d/t obstruction of artery by atherosclerosis | Arterial Disorder (Peripheral Vascular Disease) |
| Clot formation & acute inflammation in a vein | Venous Disorder (Peripheral Vascular Disease) |
| Arterial Disorder, location? | Calf muscle |
| Arterial Disorder, factors aggravating pain? | Walking |
| Arterial Disorder, factors that relieve pain? | Rest in sitting dependent position |
| Arterial Disorder, characteristic of pain? | Aching |
| Arterial Disorder, associated symptom? | Local fatigue, numbness, diminished pulses |
| Venous Disorder, location? | Localized along the course of the involved vein |
| Venous Disorder, factors aggravating pain? | Prolonged standing |
| Venous Disorder, factors that relieve pain? | Elevation of the legs |
| Venous Disorder, characteristic of pain? | Dull heaviness |
| Venous Disorder, associated symptom? | Local redness, possible edema or swelling (+) Homan's sign |
| Thrombotic and inflammatory occlusions of small arteries & veins among smokers | Buerger's Disease (Thromboangitis Obliterans) |
| Episodic spasm of small arteries and arterioles d/t exposure to cold and emotional distress | Raynaud's Disease |
| Buerger's Disease, associated symptoms? | Distal coldness, numbness and cyanosis leading to ulceration & gangrene |
| Buerger's Disease, factors that relieve? | Permanent cessation of smoking |
| Raynaud's Disease, associated symptoms? | Severe pallor followed by cyanosis, then redness upon exposure to warmth |
| Raynau's Disease, factors that relieve? | Warmth |
| Reduction in RBC thus decreasing the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood | Anemia |
| Either inadequate absorption or excessive loss of iron a.k.a. (Chronic, Microcytic, Hypochromic) | Iron Deficiency Anemia |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia, s/s? | Palpitation, dizziness, SOB, sensitivity to cold |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia, iron supplementation & increase iron sources by eating? | Liver & green veggies – best taken with Vit. C rich juice / use straw if liquid form / Z track if IM (Iron Dextran) |
| Due to lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach leading to non-absorption of Vit B12, or ahypochlorydria, neurologic, GI symptoms a.k.a. (Chronic, Hyperchromic, Macrocytic) | Pernicious Anemia (Red Beefy Tongue) |
| Pernicious Anemia (Red Beefy Tongue), treatment? | Lifetime monthly injection of Vit B12 |
| Definitive diagnosis where + result is less than 6% of the radio active Vit B12 in a 24 urine | Schilling's Test |
| Myeloproliferative disorder increasing blood viscocity & volume leading to organ congestion, increase vascular resistance & intravascular thrombosis | Polycytemia Vera (Abnormal increase in RBC) |
| Polycytemia Vera (Abnormal increase in RBC), s/s? | Dizziness, tinnitus, SOB, reddish purple complexion |
| Polycytemia Vera (Abnormal increase in RBC), avoid? | Iron, injury & Prolonged sitting and knee gatch, also hot baths because it worsens pruritus |
| Polycytemia Vera (Abnormal increase in RBC), what to do? | Phlebotomy as ordered |
| RBC contain abnormal Hgb Hemoglobin S (valine replaces glutamic acid) instead of A which assume sickle (crescent shape) in hypoxemia (d/t high altitude, over exercise, anesthesia) | Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic) |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), it may cause? | Capillary blood flow w/l to thrombosis or infarction |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), s/s? | Elevated Billirubin (RBC destruction) |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), management? | Supportive care / Rest / O2 / IV |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), drugs? | Anticoagulants, steroids, cobalt treatment, Folic acid |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), crisis? | Systolic murmur, arrythmias, dyspnea, chest pain, cyanosis, increase ICP |
| Episodic muscular ischemia induced by activity, commonly d/t obstruction of artery by atherosclerosis | Arterial Disorder (Peripheral Vascular Disease) |
| Clot formation & acute inflammation in a vein | Venous Disorder (Peripheral Vascular Disease) |
| Arterial Disorder, location? | Calf muscle |
| Arterial Disorder, factors aggravating pain? | Walking |
| Arterial Disorder, factors that relieve pain? | Rest in sitting dependent position |
| Arterial Disorder, characteristic of pain? | Aching |
| Arterial Disorder, associated symptom? | Local fatigue, numbness, diminished pulses |
| Venous Disorder, location? | Localized along the course of the involved vein |
| Venous Disorder, factors aggravating pain? | Prolonged standing |
| Venous Disorder, factors that relieve pain? | Elevation of the legs |
| Venous Disorder, characteristic of pain? | Dull heaviness |
| Venous Disorder, associated symptom? | Local redness, possible edema or swelling (+) Homan's sign |
| Thrombotic and inflammatory occlusions of small arteries & veins among smokers | Buerger's Disease (Thromboangitis Obliterans) |
| Episodic spasm of small arteries and arterioles d/t exposure to cold and emotional distress | Raynaud's Disease |
| Buerger's Disease, associated symptoms? | Distal coldness, numbness and cyanosis leading to ulceration & gangrene |
| Buerger's Disease, factors that relieve? | Permanent cessation of smoking |
| Raynaud's Disease, associated symptoms? | Severe pallor followed by cyanosis, then redness upon exposure to warmth |
| Raynau's Disease, factors that relieve? | Warmth |
| Reduction in RBC thus decreasing the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood | Anemia |
| Either inadequate absorption or excessive loss of iron a.k.a. (Chronic, Microcytic, Hypochromic) | Iron Deficiency Anemia |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia, s/s? | Palpitation, dizziness, SOB, sensitivity to cold |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia, iron supplementation & increase iron sources by eating? | Liver & green veggies – best taken with Vit. C rich juice / use straw if liquid form / Z track if IM (Iron Dextran) |
| Due to lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach leading to non-absorption of Vit B12, or ahypochlorydria, neurologic, GI symptoms a.k.a. (Chronic, Hyperchromic, Macrocytic) | Pernicious Anemia (Red Beefy Tongue) |
| Pernicious Anemia (Red Beefy Tongue), treatment? | Lifetime monthly injection of Vit B12 |
| Definitive diagnosis where + result is less than 6% of the radio active Vit B12 in a 24 urine | Schilling's Test |
| Myeloproliferative disorder increasing blood viscocity & volume leading to organ congestion, increase vascular resistance & intravascular thrombosis | Polycytemia Vera (Abnormal increase in RBC) |
| Polycytemia Vera (Abnormal increase in RBC), s/s? | Dizziness, tinnitus, SOB, reddish purple complexion |
| Polycytemia Vera (Abnormal increase in RBC), avoid? | Iron, injury & Prolonged sitting and knee gatch, also hot baths because it worsens pruritus |
| Polycytemia Vera (Abnormal increase in RBC), what to do? | Phlebotomy as ordered |
| RBC contain abnormal Hgb Hemoglobin S (valine replaces glutamic acid) instead of A which assume sickle (crescent shape) in hypoxemia (d/t high altitude, over exercise, anesthesia) | Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic) |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), it may cause? | Capillary blood flow w/l to thrombosis or infarction |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), s/s? | Elevated Billirubin (RBC destruction) |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), management? | Supportive care / Rest / O2 / IV |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), drugs? | Anticoagulants, steroids, cobalt treatment, Folic acid |
| Sickle Cell Anemia (Chronic hereditary hemolytic), crisis? | Systolic murmur, arrythmias, dyspnea, chest pain, cyanosis, increase ICP |
| A reduction of mean arterial pressure leading to severe deficiency in nutrients oxygen and electrolytes delivery to tissues as well as removal of waste | Shock |
| Shock, management? | Airway and respiratory support / Leg & arms elevated / Head slightly elevated / Fluid replacement & medication depending on type of shock |
| Shock that has Tachycardia, thirst, restlessness, decrease urine output | Early Shock |
| Shock that has Thready pulse, increase depth of respirations, Changes in mental status | Intermediate Shock |
| Shock that has Bradycardi, narrow pulse pressure, Unresponsive, anuria, Clammy skin | Late Shock |
| Shock that leads to decrease blood volume (bleeding) | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Shock that leads to plasma loss (burns) | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Shock that arises from loss of cardiac pumping action (MI) | Cardiogenic Shock |
| Shock that is the loss of vasomotor tone (spiral shock) | Neurogenic Shock |
| Shock that is d/t sepsis (infection) | Vasogenic Shock |
| Shock that is d/t anaphylaxis (allergy) | Vasogenic Shock |
| A reduction of mean arterial pressure leading to severe deficiency in nutrients oxygen and electrolytes delivery to tissues as well as removal of waste | Shock |
| Shock, management? | Airway and respiratory support / Leg & arms elevated / Head slightly elevated / Fluid replacement & medication depending on type of shock |
| Shock that has Tachycardia, thirst, restlessness, decrease urine output | Early Shock |
| Shock that has Thready pulse, increase depth of respirations, Changes in mental status | Intermediate Shock |
| Shock that has Bradycardi, narrow pulse pressure, Unresponsive, anuria, Clammy skin | Late Shock |
| Shock that leads to decrease blood volume (bleeding) | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Shock that leads to plasma loss (burns) | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Shock that arises from loss of cardiac pumping action (MI) | Cardiogenic Shock |
| Shock that is the loss of vasomotor tone (spiral shock) | Neurogenic Shock |
| Shock that is d/t sepsis (infection) | Vasogenic Shock |
| Shock that is d/t anaphylaxis (allergy) | Vasogenic Shock |
| A reduction of mean arterial pressure leading to severe deficiency in nutrients oxygen and electrolytes delivery to tissues as well as removal of waste | Shock |
| Shock, management? | Airway and respiratory support / Leg & arms elevated / Head slightly elevated / Fluid replacement & medication depending on type of shock |
| Shock that has Tachycardia, thirst, restlessness, decrease urine output | Early Shock |
| Shock that has Thready pulse, increase depth of respirations, Changes in mental status | Intermediate Shock |
| Shock that has Bradycardi, narrow pulse pressure, Unresponsive, anuria, Clammy skin | Late Shock |
| Shock that leads to decrease blood volume (bleeding) | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Shock that leads to plasma loss (burns) | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Shock that arises from loss of cardiac pumping action (MI) | Cardiogenic Shock |
| Shock that is the loss of vasomotor tone (spiral shock) | Neurogenic Shock |
| Shock that is d/t sepsis (infection) | Vasogenic Shock |
| Shock that is d/t anaphylaxis (allergy) | Vasogenic Shock |
| A reduction of mean arterial pressure leading to severe deficiency in nutrients oxygen and electrolytes delivery to tissues as well as removal of waste | Shock |
| Shock, management? | Airway and respiratory support / Leg & arms elevated / Head slightly elevated / Fluid replacement & medication depending on type of shock |
| Shock that has Tachycardia, thirst, restlessness, decrease urine output | Early Shock |
| Shock that has Thready pulse, increase depth of respirations, Changes in mental status | Intermediate Shock |
| Shock that has Bradycardi, narrow pulse pressure, Unresponsive, anuria, Clammy skin | Late Shock |
| Shock that leads to decrease blood volume (bleeding) | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Shock that leads to plasma loss (burns) | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Shock that arises from loss of cardiac pumping action (MI) | Cardiogenic Shock |
| Shock that is the loss of vasomotor tone (spiral shock) | Neurogenic Shock |
| Shock that is d/t sepsis (infection) | Vasogenic Shock |
| Shock that is d/t anaphylaxis (allergy) | Vasogenic Shock |
Created by:
akosipidro
Popular Nursing sets