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Chp. 8 Cell Reproduc
Campbell Essential Biology, 5th edition. Cellular Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell division | 2 daughter cells are created that are identicsl to the parent cell |
| Asexual Reproduction | Does not invole fertilization of egg by sperm; inherit all chromosomes from single parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | Requires fertilization of egg by sperm |
| Gametes | egg and sperm; require meiosis |
| Purpose of Meiosis | Reproduction |
| Purpose of Mitosis | Growth and maintenence of cells |
| Histones | Compact DNA into coils; proteins; must be compact before it can move to a new cell |
| Before cell begins division, it must ______ | Duplicate chromosomes |
| Sister Chromatids | Each chromosome contains 2 copies of the same chromotids |
| Centromere | Join 2 sister chromatids at waist |
| Interphase | Stage that most cells spend time in; time when cell performs its normal functions |
| Most important event of interphase | Duplication of chromosomes |
| S phase | Duplication of chromosomes |
| Mitotic Phase | Part of the cell cycle in which cell is actually dividing |
| Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm divided in 2 |
| 4 Main Stages of Mitosis | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| Mitotic Spindle | Football-shaped structure of microtubules that guide seperation of 2 sets of daughter chromosomes |
| Centrosomes | Structures from whih spindle microtubules grow |
| Interphase | Chromosomes are duplicated but cannot be distinguished because aren't packed tight enough |
| Prophase | Chromatin fibers coil; sister chromsosomes joined at waist by centromere; mitotic spindle forms; late in prophase, nuclear envelope breaks |
| Metaphase | Centromeres all line up along center line |
| Anaphase | Sister chromatids seperate and move to opposite poles of the cell |
| Telophase and Cytokinesis | Nuclear envelope forms, chromasomes uncoil; cleavage furrow splits cells in 2. |
| Cleavage Furrow | Ring of microfilaments in cytoplasm contract and pinch parent cell in two |
| Cell Plate | Grows and fuses with plasma membrane and contents of platejoin the parental cell wall |
| Somatic Cell | Typical body cell |
| Karyotypes | Arrangement of chromosomes in matching pairs |
| Sex chromosomes | Determine sex of hhuman |
| Autosomes | All chromosomes besides sex chromosomes |
| Diploid | Cells contain pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| Haploid Cells | Single chromosome set |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg |
| Meiosis | Process of cell division that produces haploid gametesin diploid organisms |
| 2 Special characteristics of meiosis | 1. number of chromosomes is reduced in half 2, Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes |
| Difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids | Homologous chromosomes: individual chromosomes that were inherited from differnet parents Sister chromatids: exactly same, from same source |
| Prophase I | 4 chromatids form; cross over to mix up genetics; spindle forms, move to opposite ends of cell |
| Metaphase I | Aligned in middle; |
| Anaphase I | Attachment breaks; migrate towards poles; separated fro homologous pairs |
| Telophase and Cytokinesis | Each pole has a haploid set |
| Mitosis yields | 2 dipoid cells |
| Meiosis yields | 4 haploid cells |
| Nondisjunction | Members of a chromosome pair fail to seperate in anaphase; gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes are result |
| Trisomy 21 | 2 number 21 chromosomes, 47 total chromosomes |
| Down Syndrome | Person with trisomy 21 |
Created by:
brewerr3
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