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IGCSE:Unit 15.5-15.9
Human Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| After-birth | When the placenta detaches itself from the uterus walls and passes out of the vagina after the initial birth. |
| Labour | When a mother starts to feel contractions in the uterus. This becomes more stronger and frequent that stretches the opening of the cervix. The amniotic sac breaks, releasing amniotic fluid. |
| Passive Immunity | When a new-born has its mother's antibodies in the blood as it's unable to protect itself. This is received via breast milk |
| Premature Birth | When the fetus is born earlier that the natural progestation period due to substances like nicotine & CO. The fetus has yet to develop fully. |
| Ante-natal Care | Ante-natal care or care before birth. This crucial for the health of the fetus as what the mother eats will supplied to the fetus. A balanced diet are in order to produce a health baby. |
| Epidural | When a catheter (tube) is inserted into the spinal cord containing pain-killers. The pain-killers prevents the transmission of impulses to the pain receptors in the brain |
| Iron | The mother needs iron to increase the supply of oxygen to herself and the fetus. Haemaglobin is made from this mineral and haemaglobin is the main substance that carries oxygen |
| Protein | A mother will need protein to make new cells and to provide the fetus with it for cell production. When broken down protein forms amino acids. |
| Menstruation | When the lining of the uterus breaks down and blood and cells pass through the vagina due to no fertilisation |
| Ovulation | When a follicle is mature enough in one of the ovaries to be released into the oviducts. This releases the egg surrounded by follicle cells &fluid |
| Yellow body | This formed from the remains of follicle cells around the egg. This will last for 2 weeks before decreasing in size. This remains active during pregnancy. |
| Follicle | A small group of cells that form around an egg in the ovaries. Together, it's called a follicle. |
| Menopause | The a female no longer menstruates because she has released all of her potential eggs in her lifetime. This is occur between the ages of 45 and 55. |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone | This hormone is released from the pituitary gland that travels via the endocrine system to the ovary to stimulate the development of a follicle. The follicle will increase in size and secrete oestrogen. |
| Oestrogen | Secreted from the developing follicle which travels to the pituitary and inhibits the production of FSH but starts production of LH.This thickens the lining of the uterus |
| Luteinising hormone | Produced in the pituitary gland after the release of oestrogen in the ovary. This stimulates ovulation and the forming of the yellow body. |
| Progesterone | This is secreted by the yellow body that thickens the lining of the uterus even further and prevents it from breaking down. |
| Artificial insemination | This happens because the man is infertile. This could be due to low sperm counts or problems with the ejaculation.Semen can be extracted from the man and placed into the women's uterus via a fine plastic tube. |
| Intra-Uterine Device | The IUD is plastic device that is inserted in to the womb to prevent fertilisation. The IUD could be wrapped in copper or containing hormones to prevent ovulation, sperm reaching the egg or implantation. |
| Vasectomy | It's an operation to cut the vas deferens or sperm duct. This prevents sperm ever reaching the urethra therefore ejaculation will just contain fluids |
Created by:
keeganchua
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