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Human Reproduction
IGCSE Biology 15.1-15.5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the male sex organs? | Testes |
| What do the male sex organs produce? | Male gametes (spermatozoa or sperm) and the male hormone testosterone |
| What does the male sex hormone do? | The male hormone testosterone stimulate changes in a boy's body as he develops into an adult during puberty |
| How do sperm moves? | Each sperm cell has mitochondria which releases energy to power swimming by the tail. |
| Why is the acrosome released during fertilisation? | It is released by the sperm cells and contains enzymes that are released during fertilisation. These enzymes digest a pathway through a jelly coating surrounding the egg. |
| What hormones do the ovary make? | oestrogen and progesterone |
| What does oestrogen do? | stimulates the development of the sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics in a girl's body as she starts to develop into an adult. |
| What does progesterone do? | Prepares the uterus so that it is ready to receive an embryo in case of a pregnancy |
| Describe the process of ovulation | After puberty as egg is released from an ovary about every 28 days. The egg tend to passes out of the ovary and into the funnel-shaped openings of the oviduct. |
| What is a zygote? | A fertilised egg |
| Describe implantation | The embryo embeds into the soft lining of the uterus. |
| Describe the swimming journey of the sperm cell | The sperm cells swim through the mucus in the cervix into the uterus and then all the way to the oviduct |
| What happens to the embryo during implantation? | The embryo grows into finger-like projections or villi that penetrate the lining of the uterus. |
| What does the placenta do? | Prevent the mother and baby's blood from mixing |
| What does the umbilical cord do? | Joins the placenta to the fetus. Contains an artery and a vein that carry the fetal blood to the placenta and back again. |
| What happens during the gestation period? | The fetus becomes surrounded by a membrane called the amnion or amniotic sac. |
| What does the amniotic sac do? | Support the fetus and protects it from mechanical damage |
| What is the advantage of the placenta in having a large surface area? | Large surface area for gas exchange and diffusion of food and waste between fetal blood and mother's blood |
| What is the advantages that breast milk has over formula milk? | Breast milk contain the mother's antibodies that protect the baby from common infections |
| What is ante natal care? | Involves the mother having enough calcium,iron and carbohydrate and protein in her diet. She should avoid smoking, drugs and alcohol. |
Created by:
katenguyen
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