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IGCSEHumanReproducti
IGCSE Unit 15.5 - 15.9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is it important that a pregnant mother gets adequate quantities of carbohydrate, protein, mineral and vitamin? | So that the fetus can obtain all the nutrients it needs for growth |
| What can happen if the mother smokes during pregnancy? | The nicotine and carbon monoxide found in tobacco, if crossed the placenta, can result in premature birth and underweight baby |
| Afterbirth | The placenta when it comes away from the uterus wall and is pushed out of the vagina |
| Why does a baby has, through breastfeeding, passive immunity to diseases that the mother has had recently | Because breast milk contains antibodies (for disease that the mother has had recently) from the mother, which they baby is unable to produce them itself. |
| Yellow body | The follicle cells left in the ovary after ovulation and can produce progesterone |
| Oestrogen | The hormone released in the ovaries that is responsible for thickening the wall of the uterus, inhibiting FSH production and stimulating LH production |
| Progesterone | The hormone produced by the yellow body that is responsible for preventing the uterus lining from breaking down |
| Menstruation | When the lining of the uterus breaks down and passed out the body through the vagina |
| Secondary sexual characteristics | Sexual characteristics that develop when the sex organ starts producing sex hormones |
| What are the secondary sexual characteristics that testosterone stimulates? | Growth in male sex organ, the testes start to make sperm, growth of facial hair, development of muscles in the body, deepening of voice |
| How do we treat infertility in women caused by the ovaries not releasing eggs? | Give women regular FSH injection or tablet that cause the pituitary gland to become insensitive of oestrogen: solve the lack of FSH problem |
| How do we treat infertility in men caused by the lack of sperm produced? | Use artificial insemination: collecting semen from the man and place it directly into the woman's uterus via a fine plastic tube |
| IUD | A small plastic device filled with hormones that can be fitted into the woman's uterus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus or embryo implanting on the uterus wall |
| Vasectomy | A surgical method to prevent birth by cutting the man's sperm duct so no sperm is released during ejaculation |
| Sterilisation | A surgical method to prevent birth by cutting and tying the woman's oviduct to prevent fertilisation in the oviduct |
| HIV | A pathogen that attacks and destroy T lymphocytes in the body |
| AIDS | A collection of diseases that is caused by HIV weaking the body's immune system. When the HIV has destroyed enough T-lymphocytes and reduce it to a critical level, AIDs is developed |
| What are the symptoms and long-term damage of gonorrhea? | -In male: unpleasant discharge, pain when urinating -In female:unpleasant discharge -If not treated there will be long term damage on urinary and reproductive systems |
| How is HIV transmitted? | -From mother to baby through blood transfusion in placenta or in breast feeding -Sharing needles -Get HIV+ blood transfusion -Sexual intercourse |
| How can gonorrhea be prevented? | -Have only one partner -Use condom during sexual intercourse |
Created by:
lpnguyen
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