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Chapter 2 Test

QuestionAnswer
what is the smallest basic unit of matter? atom
What do the outermost energy levels contain? valence electrons
a type of atom that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means element
an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons ion
when an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes a ... postitive ion
when an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes a... negative ion
what are the most common elements in the human body (from largest percentage to smallest) oxygen carbon nitrogen hydrogen
what is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds? ionic- electrons are transferred covalent- electrons are shared
Who proposed the idea of atoms? John Dalton
Who discovered that electrons and atoms are divisable? JJ.Thomson
What are the top 5 trace elements in the human body? calcium phosphorus potassium sulfur sodium
what are two or more atoms that are held together by covalent bonds? molecules
what are molecules with a region of slight positive charge and a region of slight negative charge? polar molecules
what are molecules that share electrons more equally and do not have charged regions? nonpolar molecules
what are 3 properties of water relating to hydrogen bonds? high specific heat, cohesion, and adhesion
what is a mixturee of substances that is homogenous? solution
a --- locks up H+ icon and helps maintain homeostasis buffer
describe solvents and solutes the solute dissolves in the solvent in a solution
what is a compound that releases a proton when dissolved in water? acid
what is a compound that removes H+ icons from a solution? base
what are the 3 shapes that carbon can attach in? straight chain, branched chain, and ring
what are the four basic types of macromolecules? cabohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
what are molecules formed by the actions of nonliving things with a carbon backbone? organic molecules
what are organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen? carbohydrates
what are two types of carbohydrates? sugars and starches
what is a common type of polysaccharide? glycogen
do all organisms use carbohydrates? yes
what are examples of lipids? fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids
what do lipids contain? carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
what are some functions of lipids? energy-storage, waterproof coverings on plant/animal bodies, make up bulk of cell membrane, and hormones
what do proteins contain? hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
monomers that proteins are built from amino acids
how many different amino acids are there? 20
name some jobs of proteins. make up organism stuctures, carry out chemical reactions, control rate of chemical reactions
what subunits are nucleic acids made of? nucleotides
all nucleotides have a --- part structure containing... 3; five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base
where are nucleic acids found in living things? the nucleus
what is it called when substances change into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds? chemical reactions
the --- are the substances changed during a chemical reaction and the --- are the substances made by a chemical reaction reactants;products
what shows the direction of a chemical equation? the arrow
what is the difference between bond energy and activation energy? bond energy holds the bonds together, activation energy breaks the bonds
when is equilibrium reached? when both the reactants and the products reach the same rate
exothermic is --- and endothermic is --- (temperature) hot;cold
does a catalyst increase or decrease the rate of a chemical reation? increase
what are enzymes? catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
are all enzymes proteins? no
what can affect the shape an function of an enzyme? temperature and pH
the specific reactants that an enzyme acts on substrate
Created by: kfran0112
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