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Cell Respiration HS

QuestionAnswer
What is cell respiration? A catabolic, exergonic, oxygen requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules to make energy (ATP) and water.
What does catabolic mean? breaking down
Cell respiration cannot occur without what? water
ATP is required for muscles to do what? contract
Cell respiration is the opposite reaction of what? photosynthesis
Where does cell respiration occur? In plants and animals. (autotrophs and heterotrophs)
Anything that has a what goes through cell respiration? mitochondria
Where does cell respiration happen inside of the cell? mitochondria
What kind of membrane does the mitochondria have? double membrane (inner and outer)
What does an increased surface area of the mitochondria mean? More room for the reaction to occur.
What are the parts of the mitochondria? Outer membrane, inner membrane, matrix, cristae, inner membrane space.
What is glycolosis? splitting of sugar
Where does glycolosis happen? In the cytosol just outside the mitochondria.
What is the grooming phase? migration from cytosol to the matrix
Where does the Krebs cycle occur? mitochondrial matrix
What is another name for the Krebs cycle? citric acid cycle
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? inner mitochondrial membrane
What is chemiosmosis? Movement of hydrogen from high to low concentration.
What is the break down of cellular respiration? Glycolosis, Grooming Phase, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation.
When is glycolosis the first step of cell respiration? always, whether water is present or not
Where does glycolosis occur? cytosol
What are the 2 phases of glycolosis? energy investment phase and energy yielding phase
How many steps does glycolosis have? 10
How many steps are in the energy investment phase in glycolosis? 5
How many steps are in the energy yielding phase in glycolosis? 5
What is the energy investment phase? preparatory phase
What is the energy yielding phase? energy payoff phase
What happens in the energy investment phase? 6 carbon molecules are broken down into 2 groups of carbon molecules.
What is used in the energy investment phase? 2 ATP
What is produced in the energy investment phase? GAP
What happens in the energy yielding phase? 4 ATP and 2 NADH are produced
What is substrate level phosphorylation? An enzyme creates this reaction to make another reaction occur.
What kind of process is fermentation? Anaerobic because it has no oxygen.
How much energy does fermentation make? very little
True or False. Glycolosis is part of fermentation. True
What are 2 types of fermentation? alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
What makes you feel the burn when you lift weights? lactic acid
Where does alcoholic fermentation occur? plants and fungi
What is the chemical formula for cell respiration? C6 H12 O6+ 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What happens in alcoholic fermentation? Takes two pyruvic acids and turns them into CO2 and releases ethanol.
What is required for glycolosis? NAD+
Where does lactic acid fermentation occur? animals
What happens in lactic acid fermentation? Changes 2 pyruvic acids into 2 lactic acids.
Lactic acid fermentation can only occur depending on how much what we have? NADH
What is used in lactic acid fermentation? 2 ATP and 2 lactic acids
When does the grooming phase occur? when oxygen is present.
What does aerobic mean? oxygen is present
What does anaerobic mean? no oxygen is present.
Pyruvic acid will not go to fermentation when we have what? oxygen
What happens in the grooming phase? 2 pyruvate molecules move through the mitochondrial membrane to the matrix and is converted into 2 Acetyl CoA molecules.
What is released during the grooming phase? carbon dioxide
What is being made/ used in the grooming phase? NADH
At the end of glycolosis, how much chemical energy in glucose is still unused? 90%
What is the world's most powerful electron acceptor? oxygen
What is the double meaning of respiration? The energy-releasing pathway within cells require oxygen, and that is the reason we need to breathe, to respire.
During the Krebs cycle,pyruvic acid is broken down into what? carbon dioxide
Why is the Krebs cycle also known as the citric acid cycle? Citric acid is the first compound formed in the series of energy extracting reactions.
When does the Krebs cycle begin? when pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion.
One of the carbons released into the air comes from what kind of acid? pyruvic
Acetyl CoA adds 2 carbons and produces a 6 carbon molecule called what? citric acid
Citric acid is broken down into what kind of molecule? 4-carbon
What is released when citric acid is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule? carbon dioxide
How many NAD+ are turned into NADH in the Krebs Cycle? 6
How many FAD are turned to FADH2 in the Krebs Cycle? 2
How many ATP are made in the Krebs Cycle? 2
How many CO2 are released in the Krebs Cycle? 4
What carries electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain? NADH and FADH2
The ETC uses electrons to convert what? ADP into ATP
As electrons move down the ETC, what kind of ions are being pumped from the matrix of the mitochondria to the intermembrane space? hydrogen
At the end of the ETC, there is an enzyme that does what? Takes electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen to form water.
Oxygen serves as the what of the ETC? final electron acceptor
Why is oxygen essential to the ETC? What would happen if it wasn't there? It forms with hydrogen to make water. If oxygen was not present, water would not form and cell respiration could not occur.
AS electrons move down the ETC, what kind of ions are moved across the membrane and what kind of charge do they create in the intermembrane space? hydrogen ions and positive charge
How much ATP is netted during glycolosis? 2
How much ATP is formed during the grooming phase between glycolosis and the Krebs cycle? 6
How much ATP is formed during the Krebs cycle and electron transport? 24
What is the overall total ATP generated during cellular respiration? 36
How efficient is the process of cellular respiration? It doesn't use all of the energy.
What percent of total energy of glucose does cellular respiration harness? 38%
What happens to the rest of the energy that is not harnessed in glucose? It is released as heat.
In the presence of oxygen, how is the pyruvic acid produced in glycolosis used? One atom becomes part of a molecule of carbon dioxide which is eventually released into the air.
When does the Krebs cycle begin? When pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion.
What happens to each of the 3 carbon atoms in pyruvic acid when it is broken down? One is released into the air and the other 2 are joined to coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA.
How is citric acid produced? Acetyl-CoA adds the 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon molecule.
During the energy extraction part of the Krebs cycle, how many molecules of CO2 are released? 2
Where does the Krebs cycle occur? mitochondrial matrix
How many turns of the Krebs cycle does it take to oxidize one glucose molecule? 2
Where does most of the energy come from in cellular respiration? ETC
Where does the carbon dioxide that we exhale come from? Krebs Cycle
Where is the ETC? inner membrane
How does H+ move across the membrane? via diffusion through ATP synthase to make ATP
How much ATP does each NADH make? 3
HOw much ATP does FADH2 make? 2
Does ATP enter the ETC at a higher or lower level than NADH? lower
What does eukaryote mean? has a membrane
What does prokaryote mean? lacks a membrane
What is the product of glycolosis? 2 lactic acids and 2 NAD+
Created by: hescurlock
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