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Chp. 7 Phototsynthes
Campbell Essential Biology, 5th edition. Photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | Process whereby plants, algae, and certain bacteria transform light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water as starting materials |
| Chloroplasts | Light-absorbing organelles in which photosynthesis occurs |
| What part of the plant has the most chloroplasts and therefore is the major location of photosynthesis? | LEAVES |
| Chlorophyll | Green, light-absorbing pigment that play a central role in converting solar energy -> chemical |
| Stomata | Tiny pores that let carbon dioxide in and let oxygen out |
| Stroma | Thick liquid inside chloroplast's inner membrane |
| What are located in the stroma? | Grana of thylakoids |
| Thylakoids | Membranous sacs by which stroma are connected |
| Grana | Stacks of thylakoids |
| Structure of a chlorophyll | Stacks of disks |
| Why is the structure of a chloryphyll important? | Produces lots of surface area for the reactions of photosynthesis |
| Equation of photosynthesis | Carbon dioxide+Water->Glucose+Oxygen |
| What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? | Photosynthesis produces what respiration uses; photosynthesis recycles the "exhaust" of cellular reproduction |
| What happens to electrons in photosynthesis? | THey are booseted uphill and added to carbon dioxide to produce sugar |
| What causes the release of oxygen? | Transfer of hydrogen requires water molecules to split |
| Light Reactions | Chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes absorbs solar energy, which isthen converted to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH |
| NADPH | Electron carrier |
| Light drives electrons from water to ______. | NADP |
| Calvin Cycle | Uses products of light reaction to power production of sugar from carbon dioxide |
| What provides the energy for sugar synthesis? | ATP generated by light reactions |
| Carbon Fixation | Initial incorporation of carbon from the atmosphere into organic compounds |
| Sunlight | Type of energy called radiation or electroagnetic energy |
| Wavelength | Distance between crests of 2 adjacent waves |
| Where is visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum? | Between UV and Infrared light |
| Chlorophyll a | Pigment that absorbs mostly blue-violet and red light |
| Carotenoids | Family of yellow-orange pigments which absorb blue-green light |
| Photon | Fixed quantity of light energy |
| Shorter the wavelength of light, the ______ the energy of proton | Greater |
| Photosystem | Cluster of a few hundred pigment molecules, including chlorophylls a and b and some carotenoids |
| Chlorophyll b | Abaorbs mostly blue and orange light |
| Cluster of pigment molecules acts as a ______. | Light-gathering antenna |
| Reaction Center | Consists of chlorophyll a molecules that sit next to primary electron acceptor |
| Primary electron acceptor | Traps light excited electron from chlorophyll a in reaction center |
| How light reactions generate ATP and NADPH Step 1 | hotons excite electrons in chlorophyll of the water splitting photosystem- this releases oxygen during photosynthesis |
| How light reactions generate ATP and NADPH Step 2 | Energized electrons from water-splitting pass down electron transport chain |
| How light reactions generate ATP and NADPH Step 3 | NADPH-producing photosystem transfers its light-excited electrons to NADP, reducing it to NADPH |
| Light productions do not produce _____, but Calvin Cycle does | Sugar |
| Inputs to Calvin Cycle | Carbon dioxide from air and ATP snd NADPH produced by light reactions |
| What does the Calvin Cycle construct? | Energy-rich molecule G3P |
| How does plant use G3P? | To make glucose and other organic compounds |
| C4 Plants | Weather is hot and dry , keeps its stomata closed to conserve water but has an enzyme that can continue to incorporate carbon if leaf's carbon dioxide is low |
| Examples of C4 plants | Corn and sugarcane |
| CAM plants | Very dry climates; conserve water by opening stomata only at night |
Created by:
brewerr3
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