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Chp. 6 Cell Respirat
Campbell Essential Biology, 5th edition. Cellular Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | Uses light energy from the sun to power a chemical process that builds organic molecules |
| Autotrophs | Organisms that make their own organic matter |
| What do autotrophs make nutrients from? | Carbon Dioxide and Minerals in soil |
| Heterotrophs | Organisms that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones |
| Producers | Plants and other autotrophs |
| Consumers | Heterotrophs; obtain food from other organisms |
| Chemical Ingredients for photosynthesis | Carbon dioxide and water |
| Chloroplasts | Structures within leaf cells that use light energy to rearrange atoms of ingredients to produce sugars |
| Products of photosynthesis | glucose and oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | Harvests energy that is stored in sugars and other organic molecules |
| HWere does production of ATP happen in both plants and animals? | Mitochondria |
| Plants store chemical energy via ______ and then harvest this evergy via _______ | photosynthesis; cellular respiration |
| What do plants do with excess organic molecules? (2) | Store as starch or use to grow |
| Aerobic | Requires oxygen |
| Equation for cellular respiration | Glucose+Oxygen->Carbon Dioxide+Water+ATP |
| What is the main function of cellular respiration? | Generate ATP for cellular work |
| Redox Reactions | chemical reactions that transfer electrons from one substance to another |
| Why is cellular respiration a redox reaction? | Glucose is oxidized and loses electrons to oxygen |
| What causes the "fall" and energy release during cellular respiration? | Attractions of electrons to oxygen |
| What is the first step of the electron transport chain? | Electron acceptor NAD+ |
| After NAD+ in the electron transport chain? | Transfer of electrons from organic fuel to NAD+ reduces it to NADH |
| Electron Transport Chain | Staircase that electrons take down from glucose to oxygen |
| What carries electrons from glucose and other fuel molecuels to the top of the electron transport chain? | NADH |
| Oxygen functions like ______ on the electron transport chain (NOT a biology term) | gravity |
| 3 main stages of cellular respiration | glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain |
| Glycolysis | Molecule of glucose is split into 2 molecules of a compound called pyruvic acid |
| Citric Acid Cycle | (Krebs Cycle) completes breakdown of glucose all the way down to Carbon Dioxide |
| What 2 parts of cellular respiration generate SMALL amounts of ATP directly? | Glycolysis and citric acid cycle |
| Electron transport chain | electrons captured from food by NADH "fall" down electron transport chains to oxygen |
| Glycolysis produces a net of how many ATP per molecule of glucose? (Note that this is JUST glycolysis, not the end product of cellular respiration) | 2 |
| What remains at the end of glycolysis? | Pyruvic acid |
| What must happen to the pyruvic acid before it can enter the cytric acid cycle? | Converted to a form that citric acid cycle can use- Loses a arbon, oxidation of fuel generates NADH, COA is attached |
| Input to Calvin Cycle | Acetic acid, ADP, NAD, and FAD |
| Output of Calvin Cycle | CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2 |
| How potential energy is created by the Electron Trasnport Chain | Hydrogen ions are pumped across inner mitochondrial membrane which causes a higher concentration on one side of the membrane as opposed to the other- DIFFERENCE IN CONCENTRATION |
| ATP Synthase | Structures in mitochondria that act like turbines; constructed of protein |
| 1st basic step of electron transport | 1. Electron transport chain uses energy from falling electrons to pump hydrogen across membranes |
| 2nd basic step of electron transport | 2. H+ concentrated on one side of membrane ruch back downhill through the ATP synthase, like water turbines |
| 3rd basic step of electron transport | 3. Rotation activates parts of synthase molecule that attach phosphate groups to ADP molecules to generate ATP |
| How much ATP per molecule of glucose is produced as result of cellular respiration? | 32 |
| Anaerobic | Without oxygen |
| Fermentation | Harvest of food energy without oxygen |
| Fermentation relies on ________ (Process in cellular respiration) | Glycolysis |
| What creates lactic acid in muscles? | Addition of electrons to pyruvic acid (NAD cannot be recycled) |
| YEast | Microscopic fungus capable of cellular respiration and fermentation |
| What products does the fermentation of yeast produce? (2) | Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide |
Created by:
brewerr3
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