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Honors Bio.3
Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | basic unit of life |
| Cell Theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells |
| Nucleus | large membrane-enclosed structure that contains a cells DNA |
| Eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | cells that do not contain nuclei |
| Organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular function |
| Cytoplasm | portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | portion surrounding the nucleus that is composed of two membranes |
| Chromatin | the granular material you can see in the nucleus |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structures that contain genetic information which is passed down between cells |
| Nucleolus | where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| Ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | internal membrane system |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage |
| Lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| Vacuoles | sack like structure that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds |
| Chloroplasts | capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy |
| Cytoskeleton | supporting structure and a transportation system |
| Centrioles | help to organize cell division |
| Cell Membrane | thin flexible barrier |
| Cell Wall | strong producing layer around the membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | composition of cell membrane;double-layered sheet |
| Concentration | mass of solute in a given volume of solution |
| Diffusion | movement of particles from a concentrated to a less concentrated area |
| Equilibrium | concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | concentrations of two solutions is the same on both sides of the membrane |
| Hypertonic | more concentrated solution |
| Hypotonic | diluted solution |
| Facilitated Diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| Active Transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole |
| Pinocytosis | pockets along cell membrane fill with liquid and pinch off to form vacuoles |
| Exocytosis | process of which a cell releases large amounts of material |
| Cell Specialization | cells that developed in different ways to perform different tasks |
| Tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Organ | many tissues working together |
| Organ System | group of organs working together to perform a function |
| Anton von Leewenhoek | 1674 observes organisms in pond water |
| Matthias Schleiden | 1838 concludes that plants are made up of cells |
| Robert Hooke | 1665 publishes his book Micrographia |
| Rudolf Virchow | 1855 proposes all cells come from existing cells |
| Theodore Schwann | 1839 concludes that all animals are made up of cells |
| Robert Brown | named the cell nucleus |
Created by:
lattee
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