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Chp 11 genetics YD
Genetics vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
genetics | the study of heredity |
fertilization | joining of egg and sperm cells |
trait | a specific characteristic, like eye color |
hybrid | the offspring of parents with different traits |
gene | factor that is passed from parnent to offspring |
allele | the different form of a gene, like tall or short |
principle of dominance | some alleles are dominant, and some are recessive |
segregation | seperation of alleles during meiosis |
gamete | egg or sperm cell |
probability | likehood that a particular event will occur |
homozygous | organism with 2 identical alleles |
heterozygous | organism with 2 different alleles |
phenotype | physical trait, what you can actually see |
genotype | genetic make-up, cannot be seen |
Independent Assortment | genes for different traits sort independently during meiosis |
Incomplete Dominance | the heterozygous phenotype exist somewhere in between or is a blend...like pink flowers. |
Codominance | Both alleles are clearly expressed at the same time, like roan cattle |
Mutiple Allele | 3 or more alleles exist for one trait...like blood types |
polygenic traits | trait controlled by 2 or more genes |
homologous | 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent |
diploid | cell containing both sets of homologous chromosomes |
haploid | cell containing a single set of chromosomes |
meiosis | process that cuts number of chromosomes in half, producing gametes |
tetrad | the pairing of homologous chromosomes, made up of 4 strands of DNA |
crossing over | sections of chromosomes are exchangesd during meiosis |
zygote | name of egg after fertilization |