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med micro entero
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List basic characteristics of Escherichia | Gram-negative, rods, motile, facultative aerobes, lactose fermenter |
| List 4 kinds of Escherichia coli | Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enteropahogenic E.coli, Enteroaggregative E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli |
| Which E.coli cause diseases in small intestine? | Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic |
| Which E. coli cause diseases in large intestine? | Enteroaggregavie, Enterohemorrhagic, Enteroinvasive |
| What is the virulence factor of Enterotoxigenic E coli? | Adhesins; CFAI,II, III, and fimbrae Exotoxins; Heat-labile toxin LT1, Heat-stable toxin STa |
| What is called the structure of Enterotoxigenic E.coli to recognize host's glycoprotein receptors? | fimbrae |
| What diseases do Enterotoxigenic E.coli cause? | Traveler's diarrhea |
| What are the virulence factors of Enteropathogenic E.coli? | Bundle forming pili(BFP), Intimin |
| What do BFP do? | They make bacteria aggregate on epithelial cells of small intestine and destruct. |
| What do intimin do? | It strongly attaches to epithelial cells. |
| What are virulence factors of Enteroaggregative E.coli? | Aggregative adherence fimbriae I(AAFI), mucus |
| What will mucus of enteroaggregative E.coli do? | It leads to form biofilm |
| What kinds of symptoms do enteroaggregative E.coli cause? | chronic diarrhea, growth retardation in children, Traveler's diarrhea |
| Which E.coli is highly infectious? | Enterohemorrhagic E.coli |
| Which E.coli causes disease due to undercooked meat usually? | Enterohemorrhagic E.coli |
| Which E.coli group does O157:H7 belong? | Enterohemorrhagic E.coli |
| What virulence factors Enterohemorrhagic E.coli have? | Bundle formimg pili(BFP), intimin,Shiga toxins(ST-1, ST-2) |
| How do Enterohemorrhagic E.coli acquire the ability to produce Shiga toxins? | Through Lysogenic bacteriophages |
| What will ST-1 and ST-2 do our body? | They stop cellular protein production and make cells die, and the toxins stimulate expression of inflammatory sytokines. |
| What disease ST-2 will lead to? | It leads to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and destorys glomerular endothelial cells. |
| What disease do Enterohemorrhagic E.coli cause? | Hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS), acute renal failure, Thrombocytopenia |
| What kinds of treatment should not be taken for Enterohemorrhagic E.coli? | Antimicrobials treatment should not be taken. Supportive treatment only. |
| How Enteroinvasive E.coli invade host cell? | Plasmid mediated invasion of epithelium of large interstine (plnv genes). |
| What are general characteristics of Salmonella? | Gram-negative, rods, non-lactose fermenters |
| What is the one species of Salmonella? | Salmonella enterica |
| What are the virulence factors of Salmonella? | All the normal ones for enterobacteriacease, pathogenicity islands (PAI I, PAI II) |
| What kind of secretion system PAI I and PAI II are encoded? | Type III secretion system |
| Where do Salmonella attach? | Small intestine mucosa |
| What are Salmonella resistant? | Phagosytosis |
| Which serover of Salmonella cause most diseases? | Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi |
| What kinds of disease do Salmonella cause? | Gastroenteritis, Septicemia, Enteric fever (typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever), Asymptomatic colonization |
| What are general characteristics of Shigella? | Gram-negative rods, facultative anaerobes, non-lactose fermenter, humans are the only reservoir |
| List 4 species of Shigella that responsible for most disease | S.dysenteriae, S.flexneri, S.boydii, S.sonnei |
| What is the specific virulence factor for Shigella? | Type III secretion system which secrets four proteins(IpaA, IpaB, IpaC, IpaD)that lead to engulfment in colon |
| What is the virulence factor of S.dysenteriae? | Shiga toxin |
| What kinds of diseases Shigella cause? | Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) |
| List three species of Yersinia | Y.pestis, Y.enterocolitica, Y.psudotuberculosis |
| What are the virulence factors of Yersinia? | Type III secretion system to secrete several proteins: to halot phagocytosis, disrupt actin filaments, initiate apoptosis of macrophages, limit cytokine production to slow immune response |
| What are specific virulence factors of Y.pestis? | Protein capsule for antiphagosytic, Plasminogen activator proteinase to degrades clots to spread. |
| What kinds of diseases do Y.pestis cause? | Bubonic plague, pheumonic plague, septicemic plague |
| Which bacteria caused Black death? | Yersinia pestis |
| Which disease is resemble to appendicitis? | Enterocolitis caused by Y.enterocolitica. |
| What bacteria have prominent capsule, mucoid appearance in culture and cause pneumonia, UTI, wound infections? | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| Which bacteria have slow lactose fermentation, swarming motility and cause UTI and kidney stones? | Proteus mirabilis |
| Which bacteria have characteristics of diplococcus morphology, aerobic, non-motile, oxidation of carbohydrates? | Neisseria |
| What are the virulence factors of Neisseria? | Pili, Porin proteins, Opa proteins, Rmp proteins, binding of host cell tranferrin, lipooligosaccharide, IgA1 protenase, B-lactamase |
| What Neisserial porin do? | It interfere with neutrophil degranulation, facilitates bacterial invasion into epithelial cells, confers resistance to complement activity. |
| Which protein of Neisserial virulence factor mediate close attachment with epithelial and phagocytic cells? | Opa proteins |
| Which protein of Neisserial virulence factor stimulate antibody production protecting the bacteria from serum bactericidal activity? | Rmp proteins |
| Why Neisseria binds to host cell transferrin? | To compete with host for iron |
| How Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause diseases? | It attachs to mucosal cells, penetrates in cells and multiplies, LOS stimulates release of TNF-a |
| In what case, Neisseria meningitidis cause infection? | When host does not have antibodies against capsular antigens. |
| What age is most prevalent for Neisseria meningitidis infection? | around 6 months old |
| What disease does Neisseria gonorrhoear cause? | Gonorrhea, Gonococcemia, perihepatitis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome, purulent conjunctivitis, Ophthalmia neonatorum, anorectal gonorrhea, pharyngitis |
| What disease Neisseria meningitidis cause? | Meningitis, Meningococcemia, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, pneumonia, arthritis, urethritis |
| What are the general characteristics of Vibrio? | Gram-negative curved rods(Comma-chaped), polar flagella, most strains require increased salt concentration, all species grow naturally in marine and estuarine environments |
| Which letter for antigen is used for Vibrio species? | O antigen |
| What subdivided serotyeps does Vibrio cholerae O1 have?> | Inaba, Ogawa, Hikojima |
| Which serogroups of Vibrio cholerae produce cholera toxin? | O1 and O139 |
| From where gene of cholerae toxin is encoded in Vibrio cholerae? | bacteriophage CTX |
| What structure of vibrio cholera cause problems? | A-B toxin |
| What are other virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae? | Zonula occludens toxin, accessory cholera enterotoxin, Neuraminidase |
| What are the virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificus? | Polysaccharide capsule, sytolysins, proteases collagenase |
| What do all of the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus involve? | All involved in tissue destruction. |
| What diseases Vibrio vulnificus cause? | Septicemia, wound infection |
| Which bacteria cause septicemia by eating raw shellfish? | Vibrio vulnificus |
| What are general characteristics of Campylobacter? | Gram-negative curved rod(gull wings, helical), motile with polar flagella, microaerophilic, grow best in 42C |
| What are virulence factors of Campylobacter? | cytotoxins, enterotoxins, endotoxin |
| What disease is caused by Campylobacter? | jejunal mucosa damage |
| What diseases do Campylobacter jejuni cause? | gastroenteritis, enteritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| What bacteria are most common cause of gasteroenterotis in the US? | Campylobacter jejuni |
| What are general characteristics of Helicobacter? | Gram-negative spiral curved rods, motile via polar flagella, produce large amounts of urease |
| What are viluence factors of Helicobacter pylori? | Acid-inhibitory protein, urease, mucinase, phospholipases, vacuolating cytotoxin A(VacA),Cytotoxin associated gene(CagA) |
| What diseases do Helicobacter phylori? | It increases the risk of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma |
Created by:
hiroko lucky
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