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CFN 403
Biophysical Basis of health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell | The cell is the basic unit for life |
| Most important parts of the cell | Membrane, necleus, mitochondria, ribsomes and lysosomes |
| Membrane? | The soft, flexible, self sealing outer boundry of the cell |
| Nucleus? | The control centre for the cell |
| Mitochondria? | The power producers for the cell. (convert energy into forms that are usable for the cell) |
| Ribsomes? | Makes protein for the cell |
| lysosomes? | Recycle the cells organic material and intercellular digestion of macromolecules |
| Macromolecules? | Are Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
| Carbohydrates? | Sugars (gulcose) |
| Lipids? | Fats, phospolipids and steriods. Lipids help to store energy cushion and protect organs. Insulate the body and form cell membranes |
| Proteins? | Are made from amimo acid. Their function include molecular transport and muscle movement. |
| Nucleic acids? | Includes DNA and RNA |
| Protein synthesis? | Nucleic acids contain instruction for protein synthesis |
| What does the cell membrane control? | Controls what enters and leaves the cell. |
| What else do the cell membrane do? | Contact inhibitions so that the cells stops replicating. Adhesion molecules so that the cell can attach to other cells and form tissues. Recognition molecules for white blood cells. |
| What is Cilla? | Densely concentrated hair like processes that beat rhythmically to move things past the cell. |
| Where is Cilla found? | Cilla extend out from the cell membrance found in the Trecha, Fallopean tubes, Ovum Overies and Uterus. |
| What do Lysosomes do? | Contain enzymes that digest and destroy surplus, temporary damaged or defective chemicals, organelles, cells and tissue. |
| What is Centrioles? | Plays a role in cell division |
| What is Mitosis and Meiosis? | Cell Division. |
| What is the main component of a cell membrane? | Phospholipid bilayer. |
| What is the Phospholipid bilayer? | A semipermeable lipid bilayer found is all cells. |
| What is Endocytosis? | The process where cells injest material. |
| CHromosomes contain? | DNA |
| Healthy Humans have how meny pairs of Chromosomes? | 23 (22 Autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes) |
| A flagellum is? | A long hair like structure used for swimming. |
| Where is Falagellum found? | Sperm. |
| Microvilli are? | Tiny finger like folded extensions of the Cell membrane. |
| What is the purpose of microvilli? | To increase the surface area of an area of the membrane for either absorbption of secretion. |
| Where are microvilli found the the body? | Intestines, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. |
| (ER) Endoplasmic reticulum? | Manufactures proteins and steriods that are secreted from the cell. |
| Golgi bodies? | Receive products manufactured by the ER and package them in bits of cellular membrane for secrection through the cell membrane. |
| Mitochondra? | Extract the energy in food and convert it into cell energy. |
| Cell energy is? | ATP Adenosine tri-phosphate this is the only form of energy that cells can use directly |
| Cellular respiration occurs in the? | Mitochondria and the cell energy is ATP |
| What are 3 things inside the cell. | Plasma intracellular interstitial |
| What is the main positive electrolyte in plasma? | Sodium |
| Diffusion is? | The chemical process when molecules from a materical move from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration |
| Osmosis is? | The transfer of a liquid solvent through a semipermeable membrane that does not allow dissolved solids to pass. |
| The transfer of a solvent is called? | Dialysis |
| Active Transport is? | the movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient. From LOW to HIGH |
| What is Isotomic contraction? | Tension remains unchanged and the muscle lenght changes. |
| Isotomic? | Is having equal tone or tension. |
| Hypertonic? | Is having a greate degree of tone or tension. |
| Hypotonic? | Is having a lesser degree of tone or tension. |
| What is the most visable organ? | SKIN |
| The 3 main layers of the skin are? | Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous |
| Epidermis? | Top layer, the cornfeild layer, the water prof layer. The epidermis layer contains 5 layers. |
| Dermis? | Middle layer, made up of Collagen, elastis fibres and reticular fibers. Contains Mechanorecptors that provide the sense of touch and heat. |
| Subcutaneous tissue? | Bottom layer of the skin. Is a layer of fat and connective tissue that house large blood vessels and nerves. Regulates tempreture of the skin and the body. |
| Hair and Nails are made from what? | Keratin |
| Homostasis means? | Remaining stable or the same. |
| What does homostasis do in the human body? | Stablise internal conditions. Body tempreture regulation. Keeps the inside regulated even if the outside conditions changes. PH levels Blood Sugar levels CO2 levels |
| The 3 essential components of homeostatic control mechanisms are? | Control Centre Receptor and Effector. |
| Receptor? | Senses changes and sends the information to the Brain. |
| Control centre? | Is the Brain, it analyzes the information and determins what to do and activates Effector. |
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