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6.2 - Transport syst
Lien Vo 13V
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is an internal transport system required in larger organisms? | In larger organisms, the mechanisms of diffusion/active transport of nutrients across small internal distances such as membranes alone are insufficient to service to supply cells w/ nutrients/remove waste products of cellular metabolism efficiently. |
| What is the purpose of blood circulatory systems in larger animals? | To link the parts of the body and make resources available where they are required. |
| Describe a closed circulation system in mammals | A powerful, muscular heart pumps blood which circulates in a continuous system of tubes (arteries, veins, capillaries) under pressure. |
| Briefly describe the path of blood as it circulates around the body | Blood flows from the right side of the hear to the lungs, back to the left side of the heart before getting pumped to the rest of the body and back to the right side of the heart. |
| Explain what "double circulation" is | Double circulation refers to the fact that in every single circulation of the body, blood passes twice through the heart. |
| What are two major advantages of mammalian circulation over alternative systems? | - simultaneous high-pressure delivery of oxygenated blood to all regions of the body - oxygenated blood reaches the respiring tissues, undiluted by deoxygenated blood |
| What does blood consist of? | Blood is a special tissue consisting of liquid medium called PLASMA in which red cells (ERYTHROCYTES), white cells (LEUCOCYTES), and PLATELETS are suspended. |
| Describe the structure of artery walls | Artery walls are thick and strong. The strength of walls comes from the collagen fibres and the elasticity from the elastic and involuntary muscle fibres. |
| Why do veins have valves? | Because the blood would be under low pressure by the time it has reached the veins, and this presents the possibility of backflow. The valves maintain the direction of flow. |
| List the branching system of systemic circulation | aorta -> artery within main organs -> arteriole -> capillary -> drains into venule -> join to form vein -> vena cava |
| Where is the heart located? | In the thorax between the lungs and beneath the sternum (breast bone) |
| Describe the structure of the heart | - Hollow organ w/ muscular wall - Cavity divided into four chambers. Left+right are seperate - Upper chambers = atria, thin-walled, receive blood - Lower chambers = ventricles, thick-walled, pump blood out |
| Explain how the art pumps blood from one chamber into the next | - Muscular walls of a heart chamber contract - Volume of that chamber decreases - Pressure increases on blood, forcing it to flow to region where pressure is lower |
| What are coronary arteries? | Arteries which supply the capillaries in the muscle fibres of the hear with oxygenated blood containing oxygen and nutrients essential for the pumping action |
| List some of the roles of the blood circulation system | - tissue respiration -> O2 from lungs, CO2 back to lungs - hydration -> water - nutrition -> nutrients and inorganic ions - excretion -> urea to kidneys - temperature regulation -> distribution of heat - defence against disease -> antibodies |
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lienvo
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