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ADN 2 CH 13
ADN 2 CH 13 (GLOSSARY)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| addiction: | a behavioral pattern of substance use characterized by a compulsion to take the substance (drug or alcohol) primarily to experience its psychic effects |
| agonist: | a substance that when combined with the receptor produces the drug effect or desired effect. Endorphins and morphine are agonists on the opioid receptors |
| algogenic: | causing pain |
| antagonist: | a substance that blocks or reverses the effects of the agonist by occupying the receptor site without producing the drug effect |
| balanced analgesia: | using more than one form of analgesia concurrently to obtain more pain relief with fewer side effects |
| breakthrough pain: | a sudden and temporary increase in pain occurring in a patient being managed with opioid analgesia |
| dependence: | occurs when a patient who has been taking opioids experiences a withdrawal syndrome when the opioids are discontinued; often occurs with opioid tolerance and does not indicate an addiction |
| endorphins and enkephalins: | morphinelike substances produced by the body. Primarily found in the central nervous system, they have the potential to reduce pain |
| nociception: | activation of sensory transduction in nerves by thermal, mechanical, or chemical energy impinging on specialized nerve endings; the nerves involved convey information about tissue damage to the central nervous system |
| nociceptor: | a receptor preferentially sensitive to a noxious stimulus |
| non-nociceptor: | nerve fiber that usually does not transmit pain |
| opioid: | a morphinelike compound that produces bodily effects including pain relief, sedation, constipation, and respiratory depression |
| pain: | an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience resulting from actual or potential tissue damage |
| pain threshold: | the point at which a stimulus is perceived as painful |
| pain tolerance: | the maximum intensity or duration of pain that a person is able to endure |
| patient-controlled analgesia (PCA): | self-administration of analgesic agents by a patient instructed about the procedure |
| placebo effect: | analgesia that results from the expectation that a substance will work, not from the actual substance itself |
| prostaglandins: | chemical substances that increase the sensitivity of pain receptors by enhancing the painprovoking effect of bradykinin |
| referred pain: | pain perceived as coming from an area different from that in which the pathology is occurring |
| sensitization: | a heightened response seen after exposure to a noxious stimulus. Response to the same stimulus is to feel more pain |
| tolerance: | occurs when a person who has been taking opioids becomes less sensitive to their analgesic properties (and usually side effects); characterized by the need for increasing doses to maintain the same level of pain relief |
Created by:
xsavier1
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