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bkx BIO102 T2 P1
BIO-102 Exam #2 Part 1: Basics of Species Interaction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define: food chain | a linear depiction of energy from the preceding organism |
| Define: trophic level | each feeding level in a food chain |
| Define: autotroph | an organism that harvests light or chemical energy and stores that energy in carbon compounds |
| Define: primary producer | autotrophs that form the basis of the food chain |
| Define: primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers | use your brain - they eat organisms for energy |
| Define: detritus | unconsumed plants that die and decompose, as well as animal waste products and remains |
| Define: detritivore/decomposer | consumer that gets it energy from detritus |
| Define: connectedness web | a food web in which all the known links are drawn and equal importance is attached to each link |
| Define: energy web | food web in which interaction strengths are calculated based on quantities of food consumed and indicated by the thickness of connecting links |
| Define: functional web | a food web in which the most important feeding relationships are identified |
| Define: production efficiency | the percentage of energy assimilated by an organism that becomes incorporated into new biomass |
| Define: trophic-level transfer efficiency | the amount of energy at one trophic level that is acquired by the trophic level above and incorporated into biomass |
| Define: pyramid of numbers | ecological pyramid proposed in which the number of individuals decreases with each rising trophic level (alternatives are the pyramid of biomass and the pyramid of energy) |
| Define: standing crop | the total biomass in an ecosystem at any one point in time |
| Define: linkage density | the number of links per species |
| Define: keystone species | a species within a community that has a role out of proportion to its abundance |
| Define: dominant species | one that has a large effect in a community because of its abundance or large biomass |
| Define: ecosystem engineer | species that create, modify and maintain habitats used by other organisms |
| Define: population | consists of members of the same species that inhabit the same area |
| Define: community | a group of interacting populations |
| Define: habitat | the physical place where members of a population typically live |
| Define: niche | the total of all the resources that a species requires for its survival, growth, and reproduction |
| Define: species richness | the total number of species occupying a habitat |
| Define: relative abundance | the proportion of the community that each species occupies |
| Define: competition | when two or more species vie for a limited resource |
| Define: mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit |
| Define: commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one partner benefits with no effect on the other |
| Define: parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed |
| Define: herbivory | when an animal consumes a plant or other photosynthetic organism |
| Define: predation | when an animal consumes another animal |
| Define: competitive exclusion principle | the principle that two species cannot coexist indefinitely in the same niche |
| Define: resource partitioning | state of competition in which multiple species use the same resource in a slightly different way or at a different time |
| Define: succession | gradual change in a community's species composition |
| Define: primary succession | occurs in an area where no community previously existed |
| Define: pioneer species | the first to colonize an area in primary succession |
| Define: secondary succession | occurs where a community is disturbed but not destroyed |
| Define: net primary production | the amount of energy available for consumers to eat |
| Define: biomagnification | the process by which a chemical becomes more and more concentrated in organisms at successively higher trophic levels |
Created by:
bamkapowxo
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