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Unit 1 Biology-cards
Unit 1 Biology-cards Miss Maguire
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Substances needed for survival? | Oxygen- aerobic respiration Glucose- source of energy Proteins- growth and repair Water Minerals- maintain water potential and help enzyme action |
| Products from metabolic activities? | Co2- in animals microorganisms and plants cells which aren't photosynthesizing Oxygen- from photosynthesizing plants and some protoctis Other wastes- e.g ammonia/urea ect. |
| Exchange across single celled organisms? | Exchanging substances across cell membranes, they have a large surface to area ratio |
| Exchange across multilicellular organisms? | they have a smaller surface to area ratio, outer surface area is not large enough to allow gases/substances to pass through fast enough for cell survival and distances the substances to travel. |
| What are the properties of good exchange surface areas? | Large surface to area ratios- thin barriers reduce diffusion distance. Fresh supply of molecules on one side to keep concentration gradient high Renloval of required molecules on the outer side to keep concentration gradient low |
| what are the properties of exchange surfaces of large organisms? | they don't occur at the surface in large organisms Are found in all organs where substances are removed from and wastes are returned to the transport system |
| Examples of organs which remove waste products and return them to the transport system? | Small intestine- nutrient absorption Lungs- gaseous exchange Liver- sugar levels in blood |
| What are trachea made of? | they are c shaped rings of cartilage which supports it so it doesn't collapse in, it allows the passage of air |
| What are bronchi made of? | divides from the trachea also made from c shaped rings of cartilage |
| What are the aveoli made of? | tiny air filled sacs. The surface where gas exchange takes place |
| What are the brochioles made of? | further subdivides from the bronci some are also made from c shaped rings of cartilage smaller broncioles direct air into aveoli cartilage prevents the small airways from collapsing and allows the passage of air |
| What is the diaphragm made of? | a layer of muscular tissue beneath the lungs it helps produce breathing movements by changing the volume of space inside the chest cavity |
| What is the ribs made of? | Encasement of bone, protect the lungs |
| Aveoli have... | a large surface area! |
| Features of aveoli | walls are one cell thick- made out of SQUAMONS (flattened very thin cells) capillaries are in very close contact with the walls of the aveoli |
| What are the aveoli made of? | tiny air filled sacs. The surface where gas exchange takes place |
| What are the brochioles made of? | further subdivides from the bronci some are also made from c shaped rings of cartilage smaller broncioles direct air into aveoli cartilage prevents the small airways from collapsing and allows the passage of air |
| What is the diaphragm made of? | a layer of muscular tissue beneath the lungs it helps produce breathing movements by changing the volume of space inside the chest cavity |
| What is the ribs made of? | Encasement of bone, protect the lungs |
| What are the aveoli made of? | tiny air filled sacs. The surface where gas exchange takes place |
| What are the brochioles made of? | further subdivides from the bronci some are also made from c shaped rings of cartilage smaller broncioles direct air into aveoli cartilage prevents the small airways from collapsing and allows the passage of air |
| What is the diaphragm made of? | a layer of muscular tissue beneath the lungs it helps produce breathing movements by changing the volume of space inside the chest cavity |
| What is the ribs made of? | Encasement of bone, protect the lungs |
| Aveoli have... | a large surface area! |
| Features of aveoli | walls are one cell thick- made out of SQUAMONS (flattened very thin cells) capillaries are in very close contact with the walls of the aveoli |
| What are the aveoli made of? | tiny air filled sacs. The surface where gas exchange takes place |
| What are the brochioles made of? | further subdivides from the bronci some are also made from c shaped rings of cartilage smaller broncioles direct air into aveoli cartilage prevents the small airways from collapsing and allows the passage of air |
| What is the diaphragm made of? | a layer of muscular tissue beneath the lungs it helps produce breathing movements by changing the volume of space inside the chest cavity |
| What is the ribs made of? | Encasement of bone, protect the lungs |
| Aveoli have... | a large surface area! |
| Features of aveoli | walls are one cell thick- made out of SQUAMONS (flattened very thin cells) capillaries are in very close contact with the walls of the aveoli- narrow capillaries |
| Other features of aveoli | a thin layer of moisture lungs protective structure maintaining diffusion gradient by blood transport and ventilation |
| Ventilation process in inhaling- insperation | diaphragm contracts and flattens air moves into lungs volume increases intercostal muscles contract pressure dorps below atmospheric condition |
| Ventilation process in exhaling- experation | diaphragm releases and rises air moves out of lungs volume decreases intercostal muscles relax pressure rises above atmospheric condition |
| what allows the passage of air in and out of the lungs? | the trachea, bronchi and brochioles |
| Trachea, bronchi and bronchioles must be? | large enough to allow sufficient air flow divide into smaller airways to take air to aveoli be strong enough to prevent collapsing when pressure is low (inhalation) be flexible- allow movement able to stretch/recoil |
| Aveoli during inhalation and exhalation | when inhaling the chest cavity increases in volume however when exhaling the decrease in pressure causes the aveoli to collapse as it lacks support, unlike the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles |
| What is lung surficiant? | it is a phoshoilid |
| What do the trachea and bronchus contain to keep airways clear? | goblet cells- they secrete mucus made of mucin. They also contain ciliated epithelial cells covering the surface with cilia- they beat regally to move microorganisms and dust particles up and out of the throat along with the mucus. |
| What do the cilia contain to provide them energy for beating? | Mitochondria |
| Differences in bronchioles | bronchioles are narrower than bronchi larger ones have cartilage small dont walls mostly made of smooth muscle tissue & elasticated fibers smallest have aveoli at their ends (clutters of) |
| Differences in trachea and bronchioles | relatively think walls- several layers of tissue cartilage in incomplete rings- c shapes are less regular in bronchi cartilage surface area-glandular tissue,connective tissue,elastic tissue & blood vessels contain ciliated epithelium & goblet cells |
| Cartilages role | structural role/prevents collapsing, flexibility, smooth muscle, contracts to restrict airways making lumen narrower. This restricts flow of the air to and from aveoli |
Created by:
brontemunro
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