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Epithelial Cell

Structure and functions of organelles

QuestionAnswer
THE NUCLEUS: nuclear envelope STRUCTURE: double membrane that envelopes nucleus and is continuous with E.R with ribosomes on its surface FUNCTION: controls entry and exit of materials in & out of nucleus. Contains reactions taking place.
THE NUCLEUS: nuclear pores STRUCTURE: very small, around 3000 in each nucleus with diameter of about 40-100 nm FUNCTION: allow passage of large molecules out of cell e.g RNA
THE NUCLEUS: nucleoplasm STRUCTURE: granular jell like material - makes up bulk of nucleus
THE NUCLEUS: chromation DNA found in nucleoplasm. it is the diffuse form that chromosomes take when cell isn't dividing
THE NUCLEUS: nucleolus STRUCTURE: small spherical body within nucleoplasm FUNCTION: manufacture ribosomal RNA & assemble ribosomes
THE NUCLEUS FUNCTIONS: - act as control centre of cell through production of mRNA & protein synthesis -keep genetic material of cell in form of DNA/ chromosomes -manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes found in EUKARYOTIC CELLS.
THE MITOCHONDRION: double membrane STRUCTURE: surrounds organelle FUNCTION: outer controls entry and exit of material & inner is folded to form cristae
THE MITOCHONDRION:cristae STRUCTURE: shelf like extensions of inner membrane FUNCTION: provide large surface area for attachment of enzymes involved in respiration
THE MITOCHONDRION:matrix STRUCTURE: semi rigid material containing protein lipids and traces of DNA FUNCTION: allows mitochondria to control production of their own proteins. enzymes involved in respiration are found there
THE MITOCHONDRION - rod shaped 1-10 micrometers *sites for certain stages of respiration *produce ATP from carbohydrates
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: R.E.R STRUCTURE: ribosomes present on outer surface of membranes FUNCTIONS: *provide large surface area for protein synthesis & glycoproteins *provide pathway for transport of materials esp proteins
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: S.E.R STRUCTURE: more tubular in appearance FUNCTION: synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 3D system of sheet like membranes spreading through cytoplasm. membranes contain flattened sacs of cisternae
GOLGI APPARATUS: STRUCTURE: consists of stack of flattened sacs or cisternae
GOLGI APPARATUS: FUNCTION: *modify proteins from E.R by adding non protein components e.g carbohydrate to proteins to form glycoproteins * produce secretory enzymes *secrete carbohydrates *transport, modify and store lipids *form lysosomes
LYSOSOMES: formed when vesicles containing enzymes are produced by golgi apparatus - they may contain 50 enzymes * they isolate these enzymes from cell before releasing them outside or into phagocytic vesicle in cell
LYSOSOMES: FUNCTIONS: *break down material ingested by phagocytic cell e.g white blood cells *destroy material around cell by releasing enzymes outside cell
LYSOSOMES: *digest worn out organelles so that the useful stuff they are made out of can be reused *completely break down cells after autolysis (they've died)
RIBOSOMES: STRUCTURE: small cytoplasmic granules found in all cells 80s type- found in eukaryotic cells (25nm in diameter) 70s type- found in prokaryotic cells (smaller) FUNCTION: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
MICROVILLI: FUNCTION: increase surface area more efficient absorption
Created by: taona96
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