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Bis 101
Lecture 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does a person have multiple alleles and what affect does this have? | 1: While a person carries two alleles for each gene, a gene can have multiple alleles 2: Different allele combinations can have different phenotypic results |
| What are lethal alleles? | A pair of alleles that prevent death before the individual can reproduce. A double dominant allele pair can be lethal. |
| What is incomplete dominance? | When the heterozygous phenotype is between the two homozygous Ex: Red and White make pink |
| What is codominance? | The heterozygous phenotype results from the expression of both alleles Ex: Blood type AB is both the A and B antigens on the surface of the blood cell |
| What did Archibald Garrod Discover? | Discovered inborn errors in the metabolism due to missing enzymes - Mutations resulted in needing one extra supplement |
| What did Beadle and Tatum discover? | One single gene controls the synthesis of a single enzyme aka the One gene-One enzyme hypothesis Actually more accurate to say that one gene codes one polypeptide |
| What is a complementation test and when can it be preformed? | 1: It can be preformed when the mutation is recessive 2: Cross two different mutants and see what phenotype the progeny has |
| What does it mean if the progeny of a complementation test is wild-type? Recessive? | 1: If the progeny is wild-type then the mutations are on two different genes 2: If the progeny is mutant then the mutation is on the same gene |
| How does the complementation test work? | If the mutation is recessive then a mutation on two different genes will be overshadowed by the dominant alleles. If they are on the same gene though then the enzyme can't be produced properly, leading to a mutated phenotype. |
| Which gene mutation gives a 9:3:3:1 ratio? | No gene interaction: When the mutated genes have no affect on one another. |
| Which gene mutation gives a 9:7 ratio? | Genes in the same pathway: When two mutated parents are crossed, then the F1 generation self-fertilizes. |
| Which gene mutation gives a 9:3:4 ratio? | Recessive Epistasis: The mutant allele of one gene masks the mutant allele of another gene |
| Which gene mutation gives a 13:3 ratio? | Recessive Suppression: A mutant allele that reverses the phenotypic effects of another mutant allele, resulting in the wild-type phenotype. |
| What is a discrete/discontinuous type of trait? | A clearly defined phenotypic trait |
| What is a continuous/quantitative type of trait? | Shows continuous variation over a range of phenotypes |
| What is polygeneic? | When several or many genes contribute to the outcome of the phenotype |
| What is the norm of reaction? | The effects of environmental variation on a phenotype |
| Define penetrance | The all-or-none expression of a gene |
| Define expressivity | The severity or extent of the expression of a gene |
Created by:
24rory
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