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Bis 101
Lecture 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ploidy | Diploid or Haploid |
| Homologues | When two chromosomes pair up and are nearly identical to one another |
| What are the steps of interphase? | G1: The first gap S: The synthesis of DNA G2: The Second gap |
| What is G0 phase? | When cells go from G1 to G0, the cells that never divide or postpone dividing. |
| What are the steps to Mitosis? | Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, |
| What influences simple organisms to create more cells? | Environment |
| What influences complex organisms to create more cells? | 1: Signaling molecules 2: Growth factors |
| What are sister chromatids? | 2 identical chromosome copies with associated proteins |
| How does the cell prepare for division? | 1: Chromosomes replicate to for sister chromatids 2: Chromosomes tightly associated at centromere 2: Centromeres used as attachment sites for kinetochores |
| What is the interphase? | When the chromosomes are de-condensed and found in the nucleus |
| What is the prophase? | 1: The nuclear membrane dissociates into small vesicles 2: Chromatids condense 3: Spindle starts to form |
| What is the prometaphase? | 1: Mitotic spindle formed 2: Centrosomes move apart, form poles 3: Spindle fibers interact with chromatids 4: Kinetochore microtubules attach |
| What is the metaphase? | 1: Sister chromatids lined up along metaphase plate |
| What is the anaphase? | 1: Sister chromatids split 2: Kinetochore microtubules shorten 3: Some microtubules push against each other and poles distance from one another |
| What is the telophase? | 1: Chromosomes de-condense 2: Nuclear membranes re-form |
| What is cytokinesis? | 1: Two nuclei are segregated into two daughter cells -In animals Cell constricts like drawstring called the cleavage furrow. - In plants cell plate forms |
| How does sexual reproduction and Meiosis increase genetic variability? | 1: Zygote gets one homologous chromosome from each parent 2: Parental chromosomes randomly sorted and added to child 3: Crossing over of chromosomes |
| What are the two key differences between Meiosis and Mitosis? | 1: Homologous pairs form a bivalent 2: Crossing over occurs |
| What is a bivalent? | Where homologous pairs of sister chromosomes associate with each other (four chromosomes laying side by side) |
| What is a synapses? | The process of forming bivalent's |
| What is a synaptonemal complex? | Connects homologous chromosomes during synapses and crossing over |
| What is the Chiasma? | When arms of the chromosomes tend to separate but remain adhered to the cross over site |
| What are the steps of Meiosis? | Prophase I, Prometaphae I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, cytokenisis, Prophase II, Prometaphase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokenisis |
| What is the difference between anaphase I and II? | Sister chromosomes are separated in anaphase II not anaphase I |
| Who came up with the Chromosomal theory of Inheritance? | Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri |
| What is the Chromosomal theory of Inheritance? (1-3) | 1: Chromosomes contain the genetic material 2: Chromosomes are replicated and passed from parent to offspring 3: The nucleus of a diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes |
| What is the Chromosomal theory of Inheritance? (4-5) | 4: While haploid cells are forming, members of different chromosome pairs segregate independently 5: Gametes are haploids that combine to form a diploid during fertilization |
Created by:
24rory
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