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Step1 10.11.12
Microbiology VIII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the envelope, genome, and capsid symmetry of reoviruses? | no envelope, dsRNA linear (10-12 segments), icosahedral |
| What are the 2 medically important reoviruses and what do they cause? | 1. Coltivirus- colorado tick fever 2. Rotavirus- #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in kids |
| What is the envelope, genome and capsid structure of picronaviruses? | no envelope, ss+RNA, icosahedral |
| What are the 5 medically important members of the picornavirus family? | Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV |
| Which is the Salk vs Sabin polio vaccines? | IPV=Salk OPV=Sabin |
| What does echovirus cause? | aseptic meningitis |
| What does rhinovirus cause? | common cold |
| What does coxsackievirus cause? | aspetic meningitis, herpangina-febrile pharyngitis hand, foot, and mouth disease myocarditis |
| What does HAV cause? | acute viral hepatitis |
| What is the envelope, genome and capsid symmetry of hepevirus? | no envelope, ss+RNA linear , icosahedral |
| What is the enveope, genome, and capsid symmetry of Calciviruses? | no envelope, ss+RNA linear, icosahedral |
| What is the only medically important calcivirus and what does it cause? | Norwalk virus- causes viral gastroenteritis |
| What is the envelope, genome and capsid symmetry of Falviviruses? | enveloped, ss+RNA linear, icosahedral |
| What are the 2 important falviviruses? | HepE virus, arbovirus |
| What 4 disease does arbovirus cause among the flaviviruses? | Yellow fever, dengue, St. louis encephalitis, West nile virus |
| What is the genome, envelope, and capsid symmetry of togaviruses? | enveloped, ss+RNA linear, icosahedral |
| What diseases are caused by togaviruses? | Rubella, eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis |
| What is the genome, envelope and capsid strecture of retroviruses? | enveloped, ss+ RNA linear, icosahedral (HTLV), complex and conical (HIV) |
| What does HTLV cause? | T cell leukemia |
| what is the envelope, genome and capsid structure of coronaviruses? | enveloped, ss+RNA linear, helical |
| What 2 diseases can be caused by coronaviruses? | common cold, SARS |
| What is the envelope, genome and capside structure of the orthomyxoviruses? | enveloped, SS - linear RNA in 8 segments, helical |
| What is the only medically important orthomyxovirus? | influenza |
| what is the enveloped, genome, and capsid structure of paramyxoviruses? | enveloped, SS - linear nonsegmented, helical |
| What are the 5 major paramyxoviruses? | parainfluenza, RSV, Rubeola(Measels)Mumps |
| What does parainfluenza cause? | croup |
| What does RSV cause? How is it treated? | bronchilitis in babies tx: ribavirin |
| What is the envelope, genome and capsid of the Rhabdoviruses? | enveloped, ss- RNA, helical |
| What is the only important rhabdovirus? | Rabies |
| What is the envelope, genome, and capsid structure of arenaviruses? | enveloped, ss-circular in 2 segments, helical |
| What are the 2 important arenavirus and what does it cause? | LCMV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) Lassa fever encephalitis- spread by mice |
| What is the envelope, genome, and capsid of bunyaviruses? | enveloped, SS -RNa circular in 3 segments, helical |
| What are 3 diseases spread by arboviruses of the bunyavirus family? | california encephalitis, sandfly/rift valley fevers, crimean congo hemorragic fever |
| What is the family of hantavirus and what does it cause? | bunyavirus which causes hemmoragic fever and neumonia |
| What is the envelope, genome, and capsid of the deltavirus family? | enveloped, ss- RNA circular, helical |
| What is the only important deltavirus? | hepatitis D virus |
| What type of RNA virus must bring its own RNA dependent polymerase into the cell? | - strand RNA viruses becuase it has to be made into + strand |
| What is a mnemonic for the 6 families of - RNS viruses? | Always (arenavirus)Bring (bunyavirus) Polymerase(paramyxovirus) Or(orthomyxovirus) Fail (Filovirus) Repilcation( Rhabdovirus) |
| What is a menonic for the 4 segmented viruses? | BOAR. Bunyavirus, orthomyxovirus, arenavirus, reovirus |
| What is a mnomic for the picronaviruses? | PERCH: polio, echo, rhino, coxsackie, HepA |
| How do the picronaviruses become function and how do they spread? what is the exception? | beocome functional by cleavage of long polypeptide cleaved into viral proteins. spread fecal oral except rhinovirus |
| Why can't rhinovirus infect the GI tract like other picronaviruses? | it is acid labile and is destryed by stomach acid |
| What is the species of yellow fever virus and how does it spread? | falvivirus transmitted by aedes mosquito. virus has monkey or human reservoir |
| What are the sx of yellow fever? | high fever, black vomitus, jaundice |
| What type of virus might be expected in day care centers and kindergartens with an outbreak of acute diarrhea? | rotavirus |
| How does rotavirus cause diarrhea? | villous destruction leads to decr absorbtion of Na+ and H20 |
| What is the role of hemagglutin and neuramidase in influenza? | hemeagglutin promotes viral entry, neuramidase promotes the relase of progeny. people die for bactrial superinfection |
| What is genetic shift/antigenic shift in influenza and what does it cause? | pandemics. segments of genome undergo high frequency recombination such as when human influenza A recombines with swine A |
| What is genetic drift in influenza and what does it cause? | epidemics. changes in genome based on random mutation |
| A congeital disease presenting with postauricular lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fine truncal rash starts at head and moves down. likely antigen? | Rubella, a togavirus. mild disease in kids but SEVERE in babies (TORCH) infection |
| Child, seal bark cough. likely pathogen? | parainfluenza |
| Bronchiolitis in children, likely pathogen? | RSV (paramyxovirus) |
| What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses have in common, and what does it doe (RSV, parainfluenza, mumps)? | all containd protein F which causes fusion of respiratory epithelia |
| What is used to prevent pneumonia caused by paramyxoviruses in premature infants and what does it target? | pavilizumab, mAB against protein F |
| What are the 3 C's of measels? | cough, coryza, conjunctivitis |
| What family does measels (rubeola) belong to and what are its characteristic markings? | paramyxovirus. Koplic spots. red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa and descedning maculopapular rash |
| What are 3 possible later sequelae of measels? | SSPE, encephalitis, giant cell pneumonia |
| What does a mesels rash look like? | presents last, spreads from head to toe, inclues hands and feet (vs rash of rubella). becomes confluent as it moves downward |
| What family does mumps virus belong to and what are the major sx? | paramyxovirus. parotitis, orchitis(testis), aseptic meningitis. danger of sterility |
| What pathogen has bullet shaped capsids and has Negri bodies especially found in purkinje cells of cerebellum? | rabies |
| What is the incubation and mech of disease of rabies? | long incubation, travels to CNS via retrograde up nerve axons. vaccine must be given upon exposure |
| What is the natural histroy of an untreated rabies infection? | fever malaise-->agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia-->paralysis, coma, death |
| What animals commonly pass rabies in the US? | bat, raccoon, skunt more than dog bites |
| What is the virus type and transmission , cancer risk,and incubation of hepatitis A? | RNA picornavirus, fecal oral transmission, short incubationm, no HCC risk |
| What are the 3 A's of hepatitis A? | Asx, acute, Alone (no carriers) |
| What is the process of HepB copying its genome? | cellular RNA pol transcribes RNA from DNA template, rt then transcribes RNA into DNA genome. virion enzyme: DNA dependent DNApol |
| What is the type, transmission, carrier status, incubation and cancer risk of HepB? | hepadnevirus, paraenteral, sexual, maternal fetal spread, long incubation, can act as an oncogene |
| What is the class, transmission, incubation and HCC risk of HepC? | RNA flavivirus, IVDA, post transfusion. long incubation, can cause cancer from chronic inflammation |
| What are the 4 C's of hepatitis C? | chronic, cirrhosis, carcinoma, carrier |
| What is the type, transmission, and what does its infection depend upon? | RNA delta virus, parenteral, sexual or maternal fetal transmission. infection depends on HbsAg as envelope; coinfects or superinfects |
| What is the type spread and incubation of HepE virus? | RNAhepevirus, fecal oral especailly waterborne epidemics, short incubation |
| Who has the biggest mortality risk from hepatitis E? | pregnant women |
| What are the 3 E's of HepE? | Enteric, expectant mothers, epidemic |
| What are the Sx of all hepatitis? | fever, jaundice, elevated ALT, AST |
| Which 2 Hepatitis are fecal oral? | A,E (vowels hit your bowels) |
| What is Anti-HAVAb (IgM), what does it help detect? | IgM ab to HAV; best to detect active HepA |
| What is Anti-HAVAb(IgG)? What does it help prevent? | IgG ab indicates prior HAV infection, protects against reinfection |
| What is HBsAg? What does it indicate? | antigen on HepB surface, indicates a hepB infection |
| What Anti-HbsAg? What does it indicate? | ab to HBSAg, indicates immunity to HepB |
| What is HBcAg? | Ag associated wiht core of HBV |
| What is Anti-HBcAg? What does IgM vs IgG mean in this case? When is it positive? | ab to HBcAg. IgM=acute infection IgG=chronic disease. postive during the windo period |
| What is HBeAg? What does it indicate? | second ag determinant of the HepB core. indicates active viral replication and HIGH transmissibility |
| What is Anti-HBeAg and what does it indicate? | anti to e Ag, indicates low transmissibility of HepB |
| what is the different in liver enzyme labs in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis? | Viral: ALT>AST. EtOh AST>ALT |
| What is highest during the incubation period of HepB? | HBsAg> HBeAg (both peaked) |
| What is highest in the prodrome of acute disease in HepB? | HBsAg ( some anti-HBc) |
| What Ab is highest during the early convalescent stage of HepB (window period)? | Anti-HBc, |
| What ab's are found and peaking during the Late convalescent stage of HepB? | Anti0HBc still present, but anti-HBs is peaking |
| When is HBsAb positive, HBeAg positive, and IgM Anti-HBcAb present? | acute HBV infection |
| When is Anti- HBcAb alon positive? | window period |
| When is HbsAb, Anti-HBe Ab and IgG Anti-HBcAB present? | chronic HBV with high infectivity |
| When is positive HBsAb, anti-HBeAb, IgG Anti-HBcAb present? | chronic HBV with low infectivity |
| When is Anti-HBsAB, anti-HBeAb, and IgG AntiHBcAb present? | recovery phase of HBV |
| When is AntiHBsAb alone present? | immunized from HBV |
| What are the 3 structural genes of HIV and what do they do? | 1env: gp120(attatchent to T cell) gp41(fusion and entry) 2.gag- capsid protein 3.pol: reverse transcriptase |
| What is the infection pattern of HIV? | Rt transcribes dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome |
| What does HIV bind to on T cells vs macrophages? | binds CXCR4 or CCR5 and CD4 on T cells, CCR5 CD4 on macrophages |
| What mutation would give immunity to HIV? | homozygous CCR5 mutation, heterozygous will give a slower course |
| What does ELISA look for in HIV and when can these tests be falsely positive or negative? | looks for Ab to viral proteins. False -: first 1-2 months of HIV infection False+:babies born to infected mothers due to gp120 crossing the placenta |
| How is a presumtive Dx of HIV made? | ELISA(rule out test many false+) then confirmed with westernblot (high flase nagtive RULE IN) |
| What is the use of a HIV PCR viral load test? | allow physician to monitor effect of drug therapy on viral load |
| When is a Dx of AIDS made? | <200 CD4+ or HIV postive with AIDS defining condition (pneumocytisis etc). or CD4/CD8<1.5 |
| What are the 4 F's of HIV infection stagings? | 1. flulike(acutue) 2. feeling fine (latent) 3. falling count 4 Final crisis |
| During which stage does the HIV virus replicate in LN? | latent phase |
Created by:
tjs2123
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